Strangles, Infectious Rhino- adenitis. 79 



tiplication takes place by transverse division, and at such a time 

 the organism may seem to be a chain of diplococci. 



Pathogenesis. Inoculation of cultures on a susceptible horse 

 produces the unquestionable phenomena of strangles, and solipeds 

 alone take the disease casually. In white mice it produces 

 abscess in the seat of puncture and in the adjacent lymph glands. 

 If the action is delayed the abscess may be in lung, spleen, kid- 

 neys, liver, or other distant organ. Rabbits, Guinea pigs, pigeons, 

 pigs and cattle are immune unless large doses are employed. In- 

 travenously large doses kill the lamb. 



The identity of the microbe with other streptococci of animals 

 and man has been claihied. Arloing alleges that, by culture of 

 the microbe in the blood or peritoneum of the live rabbit, he 

 exalted the virulence, and obtained in succession a streptococcus 

 capable of producing erysipelas ; gangrenous erysipelas ; suppu- 

 rating, sloughing erysipelas ; pseudo-membranous peritonitis ; me- 

 tastatic abscesses ; smA fulminant septic peritonitis. Hill, Jensen 

 and Sand, and Lignieres, as the result of cultures and inoculations 

 claim that strangles streptococcus is identical with that of conta- 

 gious pneumonia. Courmont, on the other hand, as the result 

 of his cultures and inoculations, concludes that the microbe of 

 strangles and that of erysipelas are independent organisms. 



The clinical evidence is decidedly against the theory of identity. 

 In epizootics of strangles we meet with a constant succession of 

 cases of strangles and in districts into which contagious pneu- 

 monia has never been introduced, no single case of that disease 

 ever comes in to break the monotony of the sequence and to start 

 a series of cases of the latter affection. Conversely, in an out- 

 break of contagious pneumonia in a locality heretofore free from 

 strangles, strangles do not develop. Again, no matter how 

 prevalent nor how constant strangles may be in a locality, and 

 how habitually men have their wounded hands covered with 

 the pus of the abscesses, no epidemic of erysipelas is entailed in 

 man. Sti'angles spreads with remarkable rapidity through a 

 stable, but not to the often more than equally exposed human at- 

 tendants, nor to any animal apart from the genus equus. The 

 absence of strangles from Iceland (Jon.sson) endorses that view. 



As a practical question of .sanitary science, we occupy a sound 

 position in differentiating the germs of strangles and contagious 



