OTHER INFECTIOUS PNEUMONIAS OF THE HORSE. 



Claims have been made for infections by a variety of other 

 germs which it would be difi&cult or unreasonable to deny. In 

 given conditions of the horse's lung it may succumb to the attacks 

 of pathogenic microorganisms which at other times or under 

 other conditions would be practically harmless. Thus the round- 

 ended bacillus of Friedlander is claimed by Jacquot and others to 

 cau.se one form of pneumonia in the horse as it does in man (Vol. 

 I p. 216). Again Galtier and Violet have claimed a form of 

 pneumonia transmitted through musty or spoilt fodders and 

 attacking the bowels as well as the lungs (pneumo-enteritis), 

 Two micro-organisms are accused, a diplococcus and strepto- 

 coccus, which is strongly suggestive of the now familiar germ of 

 brustseuche. 



EQUINE INFLUENZA. ADYNAMIC CATARRHAL 

 FEVER OF SOLIPEDS. 



Synonyms. Definition. Historic notes. Equine influenza of 1872-3 ; its 

 indication of infection. Other evidence : through stables, cars, manure, 

 clothes, coition, inoculation. Bacteriology : streptococci ; diplococci ; cocco- 

 bacillus, latter pathogenic to rodents, dog, cat, sheep, pig, ox, ass, pigeon, 

 chicken. Inoculations on horse. Present in early stages only. Uncer- 

 tainty. Accessory causes : chill, electric tension, high barometer, impure 

 air, overwork, poor feeding, season, youth, primary susceptibility, acquired 

 immunity. Incubation i to 3 days. Symptoms : Forms : sudden attack, 

 anorexia, profound prostration, weakness, hyperthermia, epiphora, brownish 

 red conjunctiva, pulse, heart beats, catarrhal symptoms, thorapic, pulmon- 

 ary, pleuritic, cardiac, digestive, urinary, diarrhcEal, ophthalmic, nervous, 

 rheumatoid ; complications, abortion, laminitis, strangles, contagious pneu- 

 monia, cerebro-spinal meningitis, etc. Lesions : inflammation of mucosae 

 of nose and air passages with blood unaffected ; in severe attacks, with 

 heart clots, or later with blood black, difiluent, red globules crenated or dis- 

 solved, without viscidity or rouleaux, reddish serum, and haematoidin in 

 masses, acid reaction, petechise ; congestion of mouth, stomach, small in- 

 testines or large, — ulcers, tumid follicles, peritoneal effusion, enlarged con- 

 gested mesenteric glands ; liver as it parboiled, with petechias and necrosis ; 

 spleen large and gorged ; kidneys infiltrated, mottled, petechiated, swollen ; 

 112 



