Equine Influenza. Adynamic Catarrhal Fever of Solipeds. 113 



may be meningeal or ophthalmic congestion ; pulmonary lesions, pleural 

 effusions, adhesions, infiltrations, consolidations, infarctions, sequestra. 

 Diagnosis : sudden attack, great numbers attacked, marked prostration, con- 

 junctivitis, great hyperthermia, digestive disorder, evidence of infection. 

 Table comparing croupous and contagious pneumonia and influenza. Prog- 

 nosis. Mortality low, — high in some epizootics, in horses kept at work, un- 

 der bad hygiene. Treatment : good diet and hygiene, rest, shelter, stimula- 

 ting diuretics and diaphoretics, venesection, antipyretics, alkaline eliminants. 

 inhalants — water medicated, derivatives, coUyria, guarded laxatives, anti- 

 septics, cardiac stimulants, nerve sedatives, tonics, transfusion of blood, 

 normal salt solution, — technique. Prevention : quarantine difl&cult, yet 

 possible ; examples, applicability to countries, to districts, lines of restriction. 



Synonyms. Epizootic Catarrh ; Catarrhal Fever ; Nervous 

 Fever ; Epizootic ; Rheumatic Catarrh ; Cocotte ; Gastro-enteric 

 Epizootic ; Gastro-entero-nephro-hepatitis ; Gastro-Conjunctivi- 

 tis ; Gastro-Hepato-meningitis ; Entero-pneumo-carditis ; Pink 

 eye ; Epizootic Celhilitis ; Typhose ; Typhoid Fever ; Blitz 

 Katarrh ; I,aGrippe ; Septicaemia Haemorrhagica etc. 



Definition. An infectious fever of solipeds, of a specially low or 

 adynamic type, and with a tendency to localization on the respira- 

 tory or gastro-intestinal mucosa, on the eyes, lungs, pleura, heart, 

 liver, kidneys, subcutaneous connective tissue, joints, fascia, 

 or nervous system. 



This disease was long confounded with the influenza of man 

 and while compelled for the identification of the affection, to 

 retain this name in combination with the qualification equine, yet 

 we would prefer to discard it entirely as conveying the idea that 

 the illness is caused by Pfeiffer's bacillus, which it is not. The 

 term typhoid fever which is in common use in France, has been 

 selected to convey the impression of its two prominent features of 

 hyperthermia and stupor. But it is open to the same objection 

 for it has been long applied to a specific disease in man having 

 its own bacillus which is not present in the equine influenza. 

 Septiccemia Hcsmorrhagica which has been adopted more lately, 

 however correct it may be as indicating the tendency of the local 

 lesions has a generic meaning rather than a specific one, and 

 requires much more qualification to correctly designate the dis- 

 ease. The term adynamic catarrhal fever of solipeds has this 

 recommendation, that it expresses the prostration and debility 

 which is such a marked feature of the disease, its great tendency 

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