126 Veterinary Medicine. 



With extensive thoracic lesions, the symptoms are much more 

 severe and the danger greatly enhanced. These may occur in 

 any patient, but there appears to be a special predisposition in 

 the young and still very susceptible animals, in those crowded 

 together in close, badly aired buildings, in the over-worked, 

 poorly fed or in any way debilitated subject, and in horses that 

 have been especially excited and exposed, as by railway travel. 



In exceptional cases congestion of the lungs may be so acute as 

 to lead to speedy death, and the objective symptoms do not differ 

 greatly from those of ordinary cases of this condition , if we ex- 

 cept the very high temperature in influenza, associated as it is 

 with the fact of the epizootic prevalence of the disease. 



In pneumonic cases the lesions are usually double and have a 

 tendency to develop toward the lower borders of the lungs, just 

 behind the elbow or farther back, and less frequently in the 

 centre of the organ. It may be impossible to detect crepitation, 

 but sounds of distant organs (heart-beats, bronchial blowing, in- 

 testinal rumbling) are heard with unwonted clearness over the 

 consolidated parts. A mucous rile can usually be detected be- 

 hind the shoulder blade, along the line of the larger bronchia. 

 Percussion sounds may be indefinite, as the area of con.solidated 

 lung is usually small in ratio with the hyperthermia. The area 

 of flatness in ordinary fibrinous pneumonia is usually much 

 greater with a high fever, and if the lesions are on one side only, 

 right or left, it is still more suggestive. The crepitation too in 

 pneumonia is significant. When the pulmonary lesions are ex- 

 tensive by reason of oedema, a marked infiltration may often be 

 noted on the lower surface of the trunk or in the limbs as well. 



Pleuritic symptoms may show in the same connection. The 

 breathing becomes more hurried and shorter, friction sound may 

 be heard but it is very transient and soon superseded by an ab,so- 

 lute flatness on percussion, rising to a definite horizontal line, 

 representing the boundary of the effusion in the lower third or half 

 of the chest, and usually rising to the same height on both sides. 

 Tenderness of the intercostal .spaces may or may not be present. 

 As the disease advances creaking sounds may be heard from the 

 stretching of the consolidated false membranes. The combination 

 of double pleuro-pneumonia constitutes a very fatal type of the 

 disease. 



The symptoms of pericarditis and of cardiac disorder usually 



