Anthrax. 207 



Hesmorrhoidal anthrax, a common complication of the consti- 

 tutional disease, is manifested by infiltration, blood extravasation, 

 violet discoloration and often enormous swelling of the rectal 

 mucosa, seen mainly during straining, but sometimes also as a 

 constant protrusion. 



Local Anthrax in Sheep and Goats. External anthrax 

 swellings may form on the face, throat or udder with the general 

 characters of those of the ox, but this form is much more rare 

 than in cattle and horses. The usual form is the internal one, 

 with engorgement of spleen, liver, and perhaps some other in- 

 ternal organ, and it is relatively very fatal. 



Local Anthrax in the Horse. Symptoms. In anthrax dis- 

 tricts, tumors form in the seats of inoculations on sores, insect 

 bites, or sometimes without apparent local cause, as a result per- 

 haps of a general infection. The infiltration takes place suddenly 

 into or beneath the cutis, mostly on the head, tongue, throat, 

 neck, breast, shoulder, inguinal region, mammae, croup, or thigh, 

 encreases rapidly, but without crepitation, or suppuration, the 

 incision showing the general characters described in the ox, and 

 early attended by the constitutional disorder. The general fever 

 is often later in developing, less intense, and, on the whole, less 

 fatal than the purely internal forms. 



Anthrax in Swine. Symptoms. Swine are, on the whole, 

 less susceptible than cattle, and on the strength of his laboratory 

 experinents Pasteur denied their susceptibility. The mistake 

 gained a wide acceptance, yet experienced practitioners knew 

 that tliey were occasionally infected by eating the carcasses or 

 droppings of anthrax cattle. I had seen a number of swine die 

 in common with cattle in an outbreak at Swineshead, Lincoln- 

 shire, in 1863, and a like occurrence took place in East Lothian, 

 and similar cases are reported by McFadyean, Trombitas and 

 Von Ratz, while Crookshank and Perroncito have respectively 

 inoculated the pig with success. In my experience at East 

 Lothian a shepherd skinned an anthrax bullock and then cas- 

 trated several litters of pigs, all of which died of anthrax. Much 

 doubtless depends on the condition of the animal as regards food 

 (flesh or vegetable), the presence of lactic or other organic acid, 

 the coincidence of infection with anthrax bacillus and one of 

 those conditions, which habitually enhances its virulence. There 



