GLANDERS. 



Synonyms. Definition : Acute, infectious, microbian disease, often local- 

 ized in lymph glands and plexuses of nose and air passages, etc. ; with 

 hyperplasia, degeneration, necrosis, liquefaction. Affects solipeds, and, 

 by inoculation, man and all domestic animals save cattle, chickens and 

 (usually) swine. Geographical distribution and historic notes : known in 

 Ancient Greece ; now where solipeds live and fresh subjects are exposed ; 

 Central Europe ; great horse trade and movement ; war, Franco-German, 

 Napoleonic, Afghanistan, American Civil War, Boer War. Unknown in 

 Australia. Susceptibility : solipeds, Guinea-pig, rabbit, goat, cat, dog, 

 pigeon, sheep, and swine in low condition. Cattle, chickens, white and 

 house mice, linnets, chaffinches, and frog immune. Microbe lives in frog 

 in water at 86° F. Cause : Bacillus mallei. Accessory causes : trade in 

 solipeds, mingling of sound and sick, crowding, common feeding and drink- 

 ing troughs or buckets and racks, debility, low condition, starvation, over- 

 work, damp, dark, draughty stables, carriage in transports or cars. Insular 

 quarantined lands — Australia, Tasmania, and New Zealand exempt. Bac- 

 teriology : Bacillus Mallei ; 2 to 5/i by 0.5 to i.4i«, non-motile, serobic grows 

 in ordinary culture media, stains tardily but is easily bleached. Spores un- 

 certain, easily killed by disinfectants, preserved in stables, does not grow in 

 infusion of hay, straw or horse manure, lives 15 to 20 days in water ; infec- 

 tion by coitus, and through placenta, by ingestion, by blood transfusion, 

 through dust ; microbe in all lesions and discharges, (unless sometimes in 

 milk, sperm, etc.). Infection-atria: skin wound, mucosa, hair follicles, 

 lungs. Forms : Acute, chronic, nasal, pulmonary, cutaneous (farcy), or- 

 chitic, arthritic, abdominal, occult. Symptoms : nasal ; incubation, 3 to 5 

 days, languor, weariness, stiffness, horripilation, tremors, inappetence, 

 thirst, hyperthermia, epiphora, snuffling, nasal discharge, serous, viscid, 

 agglutinating, purulent, swollen alse, violet mucosa, elevated spots and 

 patches with central ulceration, may become confluent, and involve sub- 

 mucous tissues ; submaxillary lymph glands swollen, nodular, not tender, 

 non-suppurating, swollen (corded) facial lymphatics, from nose, eye or 

 lymph glands ; swellings, cutaneous and lymphatic in skin of limb or body, 

 ulcers (farcy buds), deposits in throat or lungs; chronic cases; slow, in- 

 dolent, persistent, nasal discharge — unilateral (or bilateral), viscid or not, 

 nodules on mucosa with whitish centres or points ; red areolae, later ulcera- 

 tion, puckered white cicatricial lesions, submaxillary swelling, nodular, 

 large or small, insensible ; cutaneous cases ; arthritis with lymphangitis, 

 skin engorgement, corded lymphatics with ulcerating nodule.-!, sanious dis- 

 charge, intermuscular abscesses. Occult cases : lesions in internal organ ; 

 — cough, leucorrhoea, enlarged testicle, low condition, weakness, lack of 

 endurance. Diagnosis : inoculation of male Guinea-pig in flank or perito- 

 neum,— ulcer and orchitis, cat, dog, old soliped ; mallein test,— swelling, 

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