Glanders. 235 



stnictiou of virulence on dust, and horses often stand side by side 

 in adjacent stalls for months without communicating the infection. 

 Such escapes may, however, in some of these cases, be attributed 

 to the immunity secured by a previous exposure and slight attack. 

 That the germs may be exceptionally conveyed through the air 

 appears to have been proved by Viborg and Gerlach, who col- 

 lected the floating dust in a stable containing infected animals and 

 successfuUj' inoculated with it. 



The microbes are especially found in the visible lesions of 

 glanders, in the mucous, cutaneous and subcutaneous swellings 

 and abscesses, in the swollen lymph glands, in the nodules and 

 ulcers of the mucous membranes and skin, in the morbid 

 discharges, from the nose, eyes, pharjnx, guttural pouches, 

 larynx, trachea and bronchia, and in the discharge of farcy buds 

 and abscesses. They are not necessarily distributed through all 

 the tissues, and in chronic cases, with strictly local lesions, the in- 

 fection appears to be often confined to these or nearly so, and the 

 contamination of other animals is slow and uncertain. When, 

 however, the disease is acute and advanced, or generalized, every 

 part must be looked upon as probably infecting. Thus virulence 

 has been shown in the blood, the exhalations of the serous mem- 

 branes, saliva, the aqueous humor (Cadeac and Malet), the tears, 

 (Viborg), the muscles, and the bones. Galtier says the milk, 

 sperm, bile and intestinal mucous are non-virulent, also the vac- 

 cine lymph raised on glandered animals, but much must depend 

 on the grade and stage of the disease and no one would care to 

 run unnece.ssary risks with these liquids. 



Infection Atria. Inoculation on a skin wound or abrasion, is 

 a most effective mode of transmission, but the virus undoubtedly 

 enters in certain cases with the air, food or water, or by acci- 

 dental lodgment of a speck of the virus on the mucosa of the 

 nose or eye or other natural opening. Through the healthy mu- 

 cosa the bacillus may enter by penetrating the soft epithelium, or 

 entering the mucous follicles, but it will find the way smoothed 

 for it, if there has been friction, abrasion, desquamation or con- 

 gestion. The skin in its healthy state is usually resistant, but 

 Babes has conveyed infection by rubbing on the virus mixed 

 with vaseline, and without displacing the epithelium. The chan- 

 nel of entrance was the hair follicles. Injected into the blood, 



