436 Veterinary Medicine. 



Tuberculosis of the Brain and Spinal Cord. As noted in 

 Volume III. this occurs in youngs cattle especially in the form of 

 tubercles of all ages attached to the pia or arachnoid, on the brain, 

 or cerebellum, or in the ventricles, also in the cerebral matter, in 

 or on the lumbar enlargement of the cord or on its pia. Several 

 cases have come under my notice in the mature cow. 



Tuberculosis of the Eye. This has been seen mainly as a re- 

 sult of experimental inoculation, yet casual cases also occur in 

 the cornea, sclerotic, iris or choroid, the product undergoing early 

 necrosis and softening into a yellow mass filling the different 

 chambers. 



Tuberculosis of the Bones. Though le.ss frequent than that of 

 internal organs this is not rare. It usually attacks the spongy 

 tissue, near the articular extremities, or the vascular line between 

 epiphysis and diaphysis, giving rise to considerable exudate, 

 thickening of the bone and arthritis. The vertebrae, ribs, 

 sternum, petrous temporal, frontal and occipital also suffer. Sec- 

 tions of the bone show dilatations of the cancelli, filled with the 

 characteristic non-vascular groups of giant, epithelioid and 

 lymphoid cells with, at times, softened and caseated centres. 

 The adjacent bone is congested and softened, so that the detach- 

 ment of epiphysis and apophyses is not uncommon. In case of 

 invasion of the joints the cartilages and ligaments are the seat of 

 tubercular deposits, softening, fibroid change and caseation, and 

 there is general synovitis. The cartilages of the ear (concha) 

 and nose (septum) may also be invaded. 



Tubercles of the Skin. These are not very uncommon in cattle 

 being the counterpart of the tuberculous warts and ulcers of the 

 hands of butchers, tanners and others that handle the products of 

 diseased animals. They may show as little pea-like nodules in 

 the substance of the skin, or immediately beneath, very com- 

 monly on the side of the abdomen, where their presence in life 

 furnishes a useful suggestion, as enlarged masses forming raw, 

 warty projections with centres of caseation, or as clusters of 

 warty-like growths of this kind (grapes). 



Tuberculosis of the Muscles. This is comparatively rare in 

 cattle, though by no means unknown, appearing as tubercles of 

 the size of a pea and upward, in or between the muscular masses, 

 often showing a caseated centre. 



