Tuberculosis. 453 



SYMPTOMS OF TUBERCULOSIS IN THE HORSE. 



Though not a common disease in the horse yet a large number 

 of cases are on record, and accidental and experimental cases 

 alike show that this animal is peculiarly receptive to the disease. 

 The early symptoms depend on the location of the primary lesions, 

 yet the general phenomena of debility, languor, early fatigue, 

 unfitness for violent efforts, perspiration on slight exertion, irregu- 

 lar appetite, occasional rises of temperature and emaciation may 

 usually be noted. The advance is usually slow, almost impercep- 

 tible, with periods of improvement and aggravation. 



Some cases have appeared in the submaxillary and pharyngeal 

 lymph glands with sore throat and were for a time mistaken for 

 glanders (Ehrhardt, McFadyean). Others show a swelling of 

 the appearance of cold abscess in the seat of the prepectoral 

 glands (Johne, Robert). One showed widely distributed lymph 

 nodes and enlarged and indurated lymph glands (prepec- 

 toral, inguinal etc.) with thickening of the intervening lymph 

 vessels (Cadiot). This last suffered from bronchitis two months 

 before. A number of cases reported by McFadyean showed 

 special stiffness of the neck, with swelling and distortion of the 

 vertebral joints, due to a tubercular osteitis and periostitis, and 

 associated as necropsy showed with internal tuberculosis. Cases 

 of this kind occurred in the practice of McConnell, Dawes, Insall, 

 Malcolm and Hill, so that tuberculosis may well be .suspected in 

 cases of di.sease of the cervical vertebrae. In all of these cases 

 post mortem examination, performed at once, or after a long 

 delay, .showed generalized internal tuberculosis. 



When the chest is extensively affected, the symptoms are those 

 of broncho-pneumonia or heaves (broken wind), there is hurried 

 breathing with paroxysmal cough sometimes dry and wheezy, at 

 others moist or mucous, a double lift of the flank in expiration, 

 and a mucopurulent discharge from the nose, sometimes streaked 

 with blood. Auscultation detects a varying force of the respira- 

 tory murmur at different points, with more or less wheezing. 

 Blowing and other sounds conveyed to the ear through the solidi- 

 fied lung tissues are more rare or less marked. Percussion may 

 show general resonance, encreased at emphysematous points, and 

 diminished in small circumscribed areas, the seats of tubercle or 

 consolidation. There are of course the attendant debility, inap- 



