Tuberculosis. 399 



throat, pharyngeal glands : gastro-intestinal, peritonea], mesenteric glandu- 

 lar ; oesophagastoma ; liver tubercle ; splenic ; pancreatic ; genito-urinary ; 

 mammary ; cerebral ; spinal ; orbital ; skeletal ; cutaneous ; muscular ; gland- 

 ular ; table of distribution. Swine: lesions: pharyngeal, intestinal, mesen- 

 teric, muscular, hepatic, splenic, glandular, pulmonary, skeletal, caseation, 

 liquefaction. Horse: lesions: thoracic, abdominal, glandular, of serosse, 

 vertebrse, etc. Sheep and goat : lesions : thoracic, abdominal, glandular, 

 hepatic, pharyngeal, facial, etc., verminous affections. Dog and Cat: 

 lesions : respiratory, abdominal, pharyngeal, tonsillar, hepatic, pancreatic, 

 splenic, skeletal, arthritic, cutaneous. Apes and Menagerie Animals: 

 lesions. Chickens : lesions : intestines, liver, spleen, peritoneum : lungs and 

 kidneys often escape. Pheasant : lesions : as in hens, centre zone has 

 epithelioid cells, fibroid, cretefaction, amyloid degeneration. Parrot: 

 lesions : eye, beak, tongue, palate, larynx, bones, joints, lungs, liver, intes- 

 tines, muscles, skin. Primary and secondary infection, extension by lym- 

 phatics, blood channels, tonsils, inhalation, deglutition. 



Synonyms. Consumption ; Tabes ; Scrofula ; Pining ; Grapes ; 

 Great White Plague, etc. 



Definition. An infectious disease common to man and a large 

 number of animals, caused by the bacillus tuberculosis, and 

 characterized by a productive inflammation giving rise to small, 

 rounded bodies (tubercles), or diffuse infiltration, with a tendency 

 to necrotic degeneration, and caseation, or to fibroid degeneration 

 (sclerosis), calcification or ulceration. 



Animals susceptible. Tuberculosis comes near to being a pan- 

 zootic, since although reptiles, fishes, birds and some mammals 

 do not readily contract it under normal conditions, yet under ab- 

 normal and debilitating conditions nearly all will succumb to it. 



Reptiles. Sutton found tuberculosis in a python which was 

 kept so warm in the I,ondon Zoological Gardens that a ther- 

 mometer between its folds registered 85° F. Krahl, Battaillon 

 and Ferre cultivated the bacillus in frogs, Krahl in snakes. 

 Blauvelt found tuberculosis in a .salamander. I^echner found it 

 in amphibia. 



Fishes. Broussais records the prevalence of tuberculosis in 

 carp in a pond which received the sputa of a consumptive man. 

 Under the skin were found rounded tumors, containing abun- 

 dance of bacilli, that infected rabbits and Guinea-pigs on which 

 they were inoculated. 



Birds. In birds of the farmyard — hens, pheasants, turkeys, 

 ducks and pigeons — it is very frequent and often occurs as an 



