Tuberculosis. 473 



treniely hazardous, and even before the advent of the rinderpest 

 many had abandoned cattle and taken to sheep. 



Parallel cases can be found in other countries. In Egypt, the 

 great resort of consumptives, cattle are almost immune, the abat- 

 toirs furnishing about one tuberculous ok in ten thousand killed.' 

 From Tunis (Alix), Algiers (Sarciron, Plaise), and Senegambia 

 (L,enoir) a similar testimony comes. Cattle imported from Europe 

 may die of tuberculosis, which is liable to assume a rapidly fatal 

 type ; but the native cattle, kept in the open air, are practically 

 exempt. 



Jersey cattle in their native island, staked out at pasture all 

 the year round, show little or no tuberculosis, whereas the housed 

 Jerseys of England and America .suffer .severely. The cattle of 

 our Gulf Coa.st States, kept on ranches in the open air, are largely 

 immune, and the cattle of Columbia, Ecuador, Peru, and the Ar- 

 gentine Republic largely escape ; but the housed dairy cows of our 

 Southern cities show a very high ratio of consumptives. Con- 

 sumption becomes more and more deadly in the Southern negro 

 even in the country localities, while the out-door cattle of the same 

 districts escape. 



The absence of tuberculosis from the .sanitarium herd at Saranac 

 requires to be explained on a different basis. This herd is housed 

 in winter, and infection, once introduced, would have opportunity 

 to spread. The absence of tubercolosis is highly complimentary 

 to the management of the establishment. But a similar immunity 

 is the rule for all well-managed sanitariums, and not as regards 

 cattle only, but man as well. At Argeles no case of tuberculosis 

 contagion to attendants occurred in ten years (Ferrand). At 

 Soden baths, in a village of 1500, there were in thirty-four years 

 65 deaths, 15 from consumption (Hopt). At Falkenstein, in 

 fifteen years, one attendant became tuberculous (Jousset). At 

 Gbrbersdorf the cases of consumption in the village and environs 

 decreased (Knopf). At Brompton, I^ondon, in thirty-six years, 

 among 150 attendants, but one became consumptive, though they 

 individually served for from fifteen to twenty-four years, and 

 nearlv 40,000 patients had been received.' A well-conducted 



1 Danzon. i^tudes Exp^rimentale et Cliniques sur la Tuberculose, vol. i. 



p. 35°- 



2 :^tudes Exp^rimentale et Cliniques sur la Tuberculose, vol. iii. p. 408. 



