Infectious Paraplegia of Solipeds in Maraja. 537 



were always enlarged and gorged with black blood. The bladder 

 was usually distended and showed petechise on its mucosa. The 

 lungs and bronchia bore evidences of congestion, and the peri- 

 cardium had become dull, rough and lusterless. The horses that 

 had rested their heads on the ground showed meningeal con- 

 gestion. 



Sr. Calendrini claims to have had recoveries in some cases, fol- 

 lowed by relapses, and states that a second relapse is usually fatal. 

 Many features of the disease reminds one of surra — for example 

 its relation to hot weather, its relation to buildings and enclosures 

 with their accummulations of decomposing organic matter and 

 swarms of flies, the decomposition of the blood, anaemia, icterus 

 of the white tissues, petechias, extreme weakness, muscular 

 atrophy, and marasmus. Calendrini's cures followed by relapses 

 suggest the further coincidence of intermissions. If now the 

 trypanosoma were discovered in the blood it might be recognized 

 as at least a near ally of surra. 



Mortality. Prognosis. The disease is nearly always fatal. 

 At the time of its first appearance (1830) Calendrini had 5,000 

 horses, and in 1835 he mounted his last horse a half -tamed animal 

 lassoed on the Canipo. One Haziendiero invested $25,000 in 

 horses and in 30 days he had lost f 18,000 worth. Others with 

 35,000 head lost the whole. 



TV^a/wifw/ proved one continuous failure. Bleeding, purgatives, 

 coloquintidas, saltpeter, cream of tartar, lemon, vinegar, nicotine, 

 buchu, by mouth and rectum, strychnia, camphor, caustics, 

 prolonged baths in the river, and a great variety of other 

 measures, onlj' seemed to hasten a fatal result. 



Preve7ition. Calendrini finally struck the true note of rational 

 prophylaxis, in the immediate killing and burial of all affected 

 animals, and the strict separation of all sound horses from the 

 places where they had been, together with the thorough disinfec- 

 tion of all harness, utensils, wagons, etc. For a number of 

 years his district (Soure) had by this means been kept free from 

 the plague. 



This might be profitably extended so as to include the thorough 

 disinfection of any buildings and yards where the sick had been, 

 the removal of manure heaps and disinfection of their sites, also 

 of all rubbish heaps as breeding places of flies, the use of petro- 



