552 Veterhiary Medicine. 



Mexico and the West Indies, the Hsemaphysalis rosea of Cuba 

 (Koch), the Ixodes Annulata of Florida (Say), the Ixodes 

 Dugesii of Italy (Nequin), the Ixodes Algeriensis and the Ixodes 

 Egypti he found to be identical. There may be some doubt as 

 to the Rhipicephalus Annulatus Microplus of Buenos Ayres, but 

 as it agrees with the boophilus in size, in the thickness of its ros- 

 trum, in the eight rows of hooks on the lower surface of the 

 labium, in its host and habits, in the fact that it transfers the 

 piroplasma to cattle, and that it prevails on the same continent in 

 what were formerly colonies of Spain it is in all probability the 

 same tick. Curtice holds that it was originally a North African 

 tick, which was carried by the Spaniards to their American 

 colonies. The Rhipicephalus Annulatus of Roumania is probably 

 the same, together with the ticks that convey the Piroplasma in 

 the other countries of Europe. There remain the Hsemaphysalis 

 of South Africa and the " Scrub-tick" of Au.stralia to be identi- 

 fied with, or differentiated from the Boophilus. The life-history 

 of the Queensland " scrub" tick coincides with that of the 

 boophilus of America (Pound). As Australia derived her cattle 

 from Britian it is improbable that the tick was imported from 

 Europe. 



Lesions. If the course of the disease has been short, followed 

 by an early death, the carcass may be full and rounded, but if the 

 animal has been sick for five or six days there is marked loss of 

 condition and weight — emaciation. As after any other affection oc- 

 curring during very hot weather, decomposition setsin early, though 

 not quite so speedily as in anthrax, in which the .subject dies full 

 of rich blood. Something, too, depends on the condition at 

 death, putrefaction being manifestly slower in protracted and de- 

 bilitated cases. The color of the skin, the mucosae and normally 

 white tissues varies in the same way. As it has been largely 

 seen in our northern States (and Australia) in fat cattle, which 

 contracted the disea,se in railway cars, cattle markets, or dealers' 

 or butchers' parks, etc. , the deep orange hue of the white tissues 

 is one of the most marked features, and even the muscles have a 

 deep mahogany yellow hue. In poor milch cows and stock cattle 

 in the South, on the other hand, the icteric hue is often conspicu- 

 ous by its absence. Cattle killed early for experimental pur- 

 poses may also show less icterus. The color appears to be influ- 



