564 Veterinary Medicine. 



destruction of the ticks, oti the one hand, and the cost of frequent 

 dipping throughout the warm season, on the other. The fol- 

 lowing season there ought to be no ticks left. 



Cooper Curtice advocates kerosene i gallon in combination 

 with an equal amount of lard, i lb. sulphur, and 2 lbs. pine tar. 

 Melt the lard, add the sulphur and tar, bring to the boiling point, 

 cool, add the kerosene with stirring. Rub daily with a brush on 

 the whole skin but especially inside the arms and thighs. On 

 tick-infested pastures it must be continued through the season, 

 and if thoroughly done will lea\'e the fields tick-free the follow- 

 ing year. Like oil dipping it would manifestly be incompatible 

 with immediate shipment on a long railway journey, but Curtice 

 vouches for its efficacy as a means of eliminating ticks from 

 southern pastures. The main question is the expense. What 

 would be perfectly adapted to small herds of very domesticated 

 cattle in North Carolina would be a herculean and expensive task 

 in the large herds of Texas. Curtice mentions cotton seed oil, 

 fish oil and even a small proportion of linseed oil as good sub- 

 stitutes for the lard. 



Destruction of Ticks on Pastures. Fields, farms and larger 

 areas can be freed from the boophilus by the thorough application 

 to the cattle pastured on them of one of the above-described 

 methods, provided that no strange cattle are admitted on the land. 

 The ticks are sluggish and, unless carried on the bodies of ani- 

 mals, do not crawl many feet from where they drop. If cattle 

 are kept in the next lot, they should not be allowed to come in 

 contact with the treated or protected stock, but a double fence 

 with an interval of five or six feet, will prove a sufficient barrier 

 to the advances of the tick, apart from its bovine host. 



Cultivation of a tick-infested soil for one year or more, with 

 complete exclusion of cattle from November or December until 

 March or April of the .second year thereafter, will exterminate 

 the ticks. During the intervening summer there may be plenty 

 of young live ticks on this laud, but, in the ab,sence of the bovine 

 host, and blood, these cannot reach maturity, lay their eggs and 

 thus leave new generations. In the course of the second winter 

 therefore they are exterminated. In restocking such land, it is 

 all important to see that the cattle placed upon it do not intro- 

 duce any ticks on their bodies. Equally essential is it, to .see that 



