582 Veterinary Medicine. 



the protozooii is the cause, and not a mere sequel or attendant on 

 the disease of the horse, the indications are that it is peculiar to 

 the equine race and distinct from the germ of human malaria. 



Causes. Like malarial diseases in man, it is confined to low, 

 damp, undrained or inundated localities, and shows in the hot 

 seasons when the surface dries out. The elevated plains and 

 table-lands which are habitually dry or well drained are exempt. 

 Gadeac alleges that infection is usually inhaled in the floating 

 du.st. The mortality of Algerian horses taken to the Soudan is 

 90 per cent., while but 25 to 35 per cent, of the native horses in 

 the Soudan or in Senegal suffer. This difference is manifestly 

 the result of the survival of a comparatively immune strain of 

 blood, or of immunity resulting from a previous invasion. Sub- 

 cutaneous inoculation on a soliped failed, while transfusion of blood 

 from the affected horse to a sound mule produced the disease. It 

 is also claimed that it is transmitted from the affected mare to the 

 foetus in utero, which showed characteristic visceral lesions after 

 birth. 



Symptoms. Premonitory symptoms of restlessness, drowsiness, 

 or stiffness, are followed by violent shivering, elevation of tem- 

 perature (104" or 106° F.), muscular tremors, rapid breathing, 

 hacking cough with expectoration of frothy mucus, tumultuous 

 heart beats, and small irritable pulse. There is complete anorexia, 

 an opaque, infiltrated, petechiated, mahogany-colored, conjunc- 

 tiva, epiphora, and sometimes blood extravasation; into the vitre- 

 ous. The lungs may become intensely congested, with rapid, 

 panting breathing, dyspncea, a frothy, rusty expectoration, and 

 extended head and limbs. This may prove fatal in a few hours. 

 Otherwise there may be remis.sions of the fever and dyspncea at 

 somewhat irregular intervals. Sooner or later are observed uri- 

 nary changes, the liquid becomes albuminous, yellow, or red, or 

 it shows distinct casts. These indicate the destruction of the red 

 globules and the escape of hsemaglobin. In other cases there 

 are slight colics and constipation alternating with a greenish yel- 

 low foetid diarrhoea. The early nervous prostration and drowsi- 

 ness may merge into vertigo, or paralysis. Vertigo is a very 

 prominent feature in the Phillipine cases (Gelston). The skin 

 which, at first, may often be pricked without response, sometimes 

 becomes tender, itchy and congested, with erection of the hairs 

 and the formation of pustules, or small abscesses like hazelnuts. 



