DISEASES OF POULTRY. 103 



grains, quinine (sulphate) one grain, subnitrate ol 

 bismuth two grains may be given two or three times a 

 day to grown birds, and less, in'proportion to the size, 

 to the young chickens. A mixture of equal parts of 

 powdered fennel, anis, corriander, gentian, ginger, and 

 aloes has been recommended and may be given in the 

 dose of about five grains for adults, mixed with soft 

 feed. 



The chief reliance in combating this disease should 

 be placed in the efforts to eradicate the contagion. 

 If disinfection and change of ground are not success - 

 ful, dispose of all fowls for a time, plough up th: 

 ground, clean up thoroughly and start with new stock, 

 preferably incubator chickens, from healthy flocks. 



INFECTIOUS ENTERO -HEPATITIS OF TURKEYS — BLACK 



HEAD. 



For ten years or more, reports from certain sections 

 of the New England States have indicated the exist- 

 ence of a serious disease of turkeys, locally called 

 "black head," which differs in important respects 

 from any malady previously known as affecting poultry. 

 How widely this disease is . distributed over the world 

 is not yet determined, but information from the Mid- 

 dle, Western and Southern States points to its preval- 

 encein those sections, and accounts have also come to 

 hand of its ravages in Europe. From these facts it may 

 be concluded that the disease is one which has been 

 afiecting turkeys for many years and has been exten- 

 sively disseminated, and that, owing to the lack of 

 systematic investigation, it was not described until its 

 study was undertaken by the U. S. Bureau of Animal 

 Industry. Considerable time was devoted to this 

 subject by Smith in 1893 and 1894, and by Moore in 

 1895 and 1896. 



