20 TIMBER 
which the supplies are drawn, but others in the Western 
hemisphere also contribute to the total—Canada, the 
Southern States of America, British Columbia and 
other countr:es. 
Considerable confusion has grown up and become 
established in very many countries in the nomen- 
clature of this species of wood. They are all of the 
pine family, but names have been loosely applied, and 
for those not intimately associated with the buying, 
selling and use, much confusion is engendered. The 
popular conception in England is, however, to call 
most of them by the general name of deal, although 
even there alternative names for the same wood are com- 
mon, the wood, of the same description as the Scotch 
pine or fir, so largely imported from Northern Europe, 
being defined as yellow deal in the Southern parts of 
the Kingdom and red deal on the East Coast, in the 
Midlands and further North. As this is decidedly the 
most important of the coniferous woods, the opening 
notes on the various varieties may well be commenced 
with this timber. 
Northern Pine.—Shipped as redwood from Russian, 
Swedish and Norwegian ports, while similar timber 
from Prussia is defined as Baltic redwood. It is the 
ordinary red or yellow deal of commerce, so much in 
use in the building trades and common everywhere in 
Europe. An allusion was made to this wood in the 
brief introductory retrospect, its history in Great 
Britain being traced from its first import from 
Prussian ports as spars and masts, the growth of the 
import from these Baltic ports and the deve:opment 
of fresh sources of supplies from Norway, Sweden and 
Russia. 
Principally with this coniferous variety of wood 
the countries of Northern Europe are, as _ has 
