THE CONIFEROUS TREES OF COMMERCE, ETC. 23 
much fully-dressed material, principally from Sweden, 
consisting of floor-boards, and match-lining ready for 
the carpenter’s use, and mouldings of every description 
for the use of the joiner. 
The timber is of yellow or yellowish-red colour ; that 
with a more pronounced reddish tinge being grown, 
it is generally understood, on high land, and being of 
more resinous nature is more favoured for outdoor 
work where durability is an object. 
In exposed, outside situations, the timber is durable 
when free from sap, and lasts fairly well when in contact 
with the earth. It is one of the strongest of the 
coniferous family and the principal timber used for roof 
timbers, joists, window-frames, doors and _ general 
joinery. Most of the best timber is shipped from 
Archangel and other ports in the White Sea, but deals 
and timber of almost equally good description are also 
supplied from Petrograd and some of the Swedish and 
Norwegian ports. 
The wood, after chemical treatment, is also largely 
used in Great Britain for railway-sleepers, and large 
shipments for this purpose come, principally, from 
Baltic and Russian ports. 
A large export of short lengths of the timber for 
pit props is also made, these goods being mostly directed 
to the North-East Coast of England to supply the 
wants of collieries in the Durham and Midland areas. 
A great export of deal and other short ends takes place, 
this wood being principally used for the making of small 
packing-cases and for firewood. . Sweden also ships 
much timber in the form of poles, which are used for 
telegraph purposes and for builders’ scaffolding. 
White Pine.—This, another European member of 
the coniferous family, is commonly known as white 
deal or Baltic whitewood. It is one of the hardiest 
3—(14604)" 
