112 TIMBER 
exported, principally received in the Liverpool 
market, is used for shuttle-making, turnery, and 
other purposes. 
Rock Elm.—A valuable tree, which in some respects 
is akin to Scottish and English Wych Elm, is principally 
found in Canada and the Northern parts of the United 
States. Growing to a height of 80 to 100 ft., with a 
trunk of 3 to 4 ft. in diameter, it inhabits the upland 
portions of the country, preferring rocky ridges and 
slopes. The wood is heavy, very fine and close in tex- 
ture, and of a light-brown colour. It works well, and 
is greatly appreciated for its strength, toughness and 
flexibility. Like most Elms, it is not liable to split, 
and is exceedingly durable when in wet situations. 
Principally exported in squared logs, it is largely used 
by boat and ship builders, and also for the construction 
of bent-work for wheelwrights. 
Orham.—This is an unidentified species of Elm which 
is exported in small quantities, and principally used 
for coffin construction and wheelwright purposes. 
Birch.—Seventeen varieties of this wood are said to 
have their habitation in Canada and the United States. 
Practically only one, however, is exported, being 
principally shipped from Quebec and other Canadian 
ports. The tree from which this timber is produced 
reaches a height of 70 or 80 ft., and has a trunk 
diameter of from 2 to 5 ft.; the best specimens are 
obtained from well-drained, upland localities. The 
wood is of light brown or light reddish-brown colour ; 
is hard, fine and close in texture, heavy and strong. 
It is not durable in damp situations, and, although work- 
ing well on the whole, is occasionally very cross-grained. 
A large import has taken place for many years to 
Great Britain, principally in the form of squared logs, 
and also of late years in the shape of converted planks 
