OUTLOOK FOR FUTURE SUPPLIES OF TIMBER 141 
imported at very cheap rates from the United States. 
They found, however, after the woodlands of the Island 
had been practically exhausted, that some of the 
conditions above stated began to prevail. Their water 
supply began to be interfered with, there was no storage 
for the copious season’s rain, rivers at times became 
torrents, with agricultural lands in the valleys sub- 
merged, while at others the river beds contained but a 
mere trickle of water. 
Feeble attempts have been made in various countries 
to make some provision for the future in regard to 
timber supplies, but the efforts generally have been 
trivial and altogether incommensurate with thé ravages 
that are being made on existing supplies. 
Comparatively little has been done in the way of 
afforestation in Europe: Germany leads the way with 
a scientific and well-organised system that provides her 
consumers with a good proportion of their needs: 
France, too, has a systematic cultivation of forest lands, 
and the excellent results which she has attained in the 
planting of large areas of sand dunes and waste spaces 
in the Landes is an object lesson in economic providence. 
These formerly arid wastes are thickly planted with 
the Cluster or Maritime Pine, which, besides finding 
employment for many people, provide resin, from which 
most of the turpentine used in France is extracted ; 
the trees, moreover, when exhausted by tapping, are 
felled, and with the thinnings and loppings are shipped 
to South Wales, where they provide a large proportion of 
the props used in the mines of that great coal centre. 
With the exception of these two above-mentioned 
countries, there is practically no other in Europe that 
conserves on any extensive or efficient scale. 
In the East, the great Empire of India has, under the 
able management of an Indian Forestry Department, 
