XIV "CRAMPS" IN YOUNG PHEASANTS 125 



affected with a localised necrotic disease of the mouth, 

 throat, eyelids, and skin of the lips, contracted from 

 their foster-mothers, the hens, affected with a well- 

 known chronic localised necrotic thickening of the 

 mucous membrane of the tongue and throat. The 

 two diseases, " cramps " and necrotic stomatitis and 

 dermatitis in young pheasants, are in symptoms and 

 anatomical changes utterly distinct diseases. 



As mentioned above, the principal anatomical 

 change in "cramps" of young pheasants is found in 

 the periosteum and the bone near the ends of the 

 shaft of the femur and tibia, occasionally but rarely 

 also of the humerus. 



On making sections through the affected parts of 

 the bone and its periosteum, the changes are those 

 which constitute periostitis and osteomyelitis. The 

 vessels of the periosteum at the ends of the shaft 

 are engorged with blood, extravasated blood being 

 noticed in the tissue of the deep layer of the 

 periosteum ; this, at the same time, is thickened 

 and crowded with round -cells or inflammatory 

 corpuscles. The inflammation or infiltration with 

 round -cells or leucocytes extends into the bone, 

 all Haversian spaces and Haversian canals being 

 densely infiltrated with them, the bone matrix either 

 totally or partially destroyed, absorbed ; the infiltra- 

 tion with round -cells of the bone extends into, and 



