90 
PARASITOLOGY. 
hemorrhage, pneumonia, etc., causing unthrifty con- 
dition, loss of’ 
appetite, emaciation, anemia and 
death, >&¢ Addenda hehseen P: 236-231 
FILARIDAE. 
The family Filaridae includes thread-like worms 
that infest various parts of the body, as the esopha- 
gus, stomach, vascular system aud abdominal cavity. 
They are not blood-suckers. 
(Scutem—shield) 
SPrROPTERA SCUTATUM  (Speira—spiral) 
Cig. 30—SPIROPTERA 
SCUTATA 
a, Esophageal Mucous 
Membrane, 
b, Worm imbedded in 
spiral manner. 
(Pteron—wing). 
Synonym. — Gongylonema scuta- 
tum. 
Distribution—Common in Amer- 
ica and Europe. 
Description.—A thread-like worm, 
yellowish in color and two to four 
inches in length. The tail of the 
male is coiled, and is provided with 
two wings and two spiculae. The 
tal of the female is straight andthe 
head is nude. It is ovoviviparous. 
Alntmals Infested.—The horse, the 
ox, the sheep and the pig. 
Parts Intested.—They are found 
coiled in a zig-zag manner in the 
mucous membrane of the esopha- 
gus. 
Injury to Host.—No injury has been attributed to 
their presence. 
SPIROPTERA MEGASTOMA (Mega—large ; stoma—mouth). 
Distribution.—Common in America and in Europe. 
Description.—A thread-like worm, white in color 
