126 PARASITOLOGY. 
papillae longer than the nassatum. See figures 40, 
41 and 42, Plate 11. 
Cylichnostomum elongatum.—Length of male up to 
13 mm., female up to 17 mm. Lateral head papillae 
large. See figures 57, 58 and 59, Plate 12. 
Gyalocephalus capitatus—Length of male up to 
7.5 mm., female up to 9.5 mm. Body rather slender. 
Head distinctly separated from the body. See figures 
11, 12 and 13, Plate 9. 
A chemical study of the strongyles shows their 
bodies to be composed of the following substances: 
fats, fatty acids consisting chiefly of butyric acid, 
soaps, mucin, albumoses, purin bases and creatin. A 
ptomain, a crystalizable alkaloid, an amino-acid and 
an amorphous substance containing non-protein nitro- 
gen and phosphorus which gives precipitating reac- 
tions for an alkaloid. The cuticle contains a protein 
like substance which has no relation to chitin. 
An alcoholic extract of these parasites possesses 
strong hemolytic properties. The soaps, fatty acids, 
erystalizable alkaloids and ptomains are active in this 
hemolytic process. The: parasites secrete a lipase 
capable of digesting the fat contained in horse serum. 
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE STRONGYLES. 
The strongyles draw blood by aid of their chitinous 
mouth-capsule. This capsule is buried in the intes- 
tinal mucosa and in some cases offers quite a resist- 
ance to traction in an effort to remove them, 
These parasites are provided with neck glands and 
esophageal glands. The latter are composed of large 
irregular shaped cells and the body of the gland is 
imbedded in the esophageal muscles as illustrated in 
