xvi Contents 



CHAP. PAGE 



XII. The Upland Mooes of the Pennine Chain, by F. J. Lewis 



AND C. E. Moss 266 



1. Bog-moss association (Sphagnetum) . . 267 



2. Cotton-grass associations (Eriophoretum) . 267 



3. Association of Scirpus ccespitosus (Scirpetum) . 271 



4. Bilberry moor associations (Vaecinieta) . . 272 



5. Heather moor association (Callunetum) . . . 275 



Eush society ...... 278 



Society of stagnant hollows . . . 279 



Zonation of the moor associations . . 279 



Degeneration (Retrogression) of Moorland 280 



Grass moor association, by W. G. Smith . 282 



Summary of moor associations . . 286 



XIII. AECTic-AiPiNTi; Vegetation, by W. G. Smith . 288 



The Vegetation of Ben Lawers . . . 292 



1. Zone of Cultivation and Pasture .... 293 



2. Zone of Closed Moorland Associations . 296 



3. Zone of Arctic-Alpine vegetation . . . 298 



Arctic-Alpine grassland formation . . 298 



Upper Arctic-Alpine formations . . . 302 



I. Formation of mountain-top detritus . 310 



Snow-patch vegetation . . . 316 



II. Arctic-Alpine chomophyte formation . 317 



A. Open communities on exposed 



rock-faces ..... 321 



B. Association of sheltered ledges . 323 



C. Association of shade chomophytes 324 



D. Association of hydrophilous chomo- 



phytes 325 



Synopsis of Scottish Arctic-alpine Vegetation . . 828 



XIV. The Vegetation op the Sea Coast . . . . 330 



I, The Salt-marsh formation ..... 330 



1. Glasswort association (Salicornietum europasEe) 332 

 In. Cord-grass association (Spartinetum) . 333 



2. General salt-marsh association . . 333 

 \j' 3. Glycerietum maritime ..... 333 



4. Sea-rush association (Jnncetum maritimi) 334 



Association of spray-washed cliffs and rocks . 335 



Brackish water associations ..... 335 

 The Salt marsh formation of the Hampshire Coast, 



by W. M. Eankin 33g 



