Plate XVIII 



u. Typical ground vegetation of beechwood in better lighted spots. 

 Mercurialis perennis, Fragarla vesca, Viola hirta, Viola Riviniana, 



Phot. ir. M. RanUn 



b. Degenerating beeehwood on chalk. Fagus sylvatica, Pyrus Aria, 

 Taxus baccata, Gratagus monogyna. Chalk grassland and bases 

 of foliage of trees and shrubs nibbled close by rabbits. Holt Down, 

 near Butser Hill , Hampshire. 



BescTiwood on Chalk. 



