Ash-Oahwood Association 181 



Carex flaoca : subdominaut. 



Helianthemum Chamseoistus : subdominant. 



Briza media : in fair quantity. 



Koeleria gracilis Plantago lanoeolata 



Avena pratensis Scabiosa Columbaria 



Thymus Serpyllum Pimpinella Saxifraga 



Hippocrepis comosa Centaurea nigra 



Lotus cornioulatus Linum oathartioum 



Leontodon hispidum Campanula rotundifolia 



Asperula oynanchica Euphrasia officinalis 



Galium verum Anthyllis Vulneraria 



Cnicus acaulis Carlina vulgaris 



Plantago media Pinus sylvestris (one seedling) 



The Subpormation of Maels and Calcareous 

 Sandstones 



The vegetation to be described as belonging to this 

 sub-formation occurs on calcareous soils derived from 

 rocks containing a smaller proportion of lime than the 

 limestones. It is therefore intermediate in character 

 between limestone vegetation on the one hand and the 

 vegetation of the non-calcareous rocks on the other. 

 Owing to the presence of calcicole species by which this 

 vegetation is characterised, it is treated as a sub-formation 

 of the formation of calcareous soils, but naturally all 

 transitions occur to the formations of non-calcareous soils. 



Ash-Oakwood association. 



The woodland association of this sub-formation is 

 characterised by the constant presence of 

 civaraoters *^® ^^ ™ considerable quantity and is thus 



related to the typical ashwood association 

 of limestone soils. On the other hand oaks are always 

 present, not only as occasional constituents, as in ashwood, 

 but typically co-dominant with the ash. On marls and 

 calcareous clays the oak is always Q. Bobur, but on some, 

 though not all calcareous sandstones, Q. sessiliflora occurs, 

 either alone or mixed with Q. Bohur. 



