lo ANGIOSPERMAE—DICOTYLEDONES 



on the Dovrefjeld were similarly capable of autocarpy as a result of automatic self- 

 pollination. 



Visitors. — Lindman observed a fly visiting the flowers on the Dovrefjeld. In 

 the Alps, Herman Muller observed 6 Hymenoptera, 1 2 Diptera, 4 Lepidoptera, 

 and 2 Coleoptera. 



18. P. patens Miller.— According to Kerner, this essentially agrees with 

 P. vulgaris in the arrangements of its large violet-blue protogynous flowers. 



Visitor. — I observed in the Botanic Garden at Kiel, Bombus hortorum Z., 

 skg. and po-cltg. 



19. P. montana Hampe, and 20. P. transsilvanica Schur, agree with 

 P. vulgaris as regards their flower mechanism. Kerner mentions that old flowers of 

 P. transsilvanica may pollinate themselves by maturation of the inner stamens. 



21. P. alpina Delarbre (= Anemone alpina L.). (Herm. Muller, 'Alpen- 

 blumen,' pp. 127-8; Ricca, ' Oss. sulla fecondaz. incroc. d. veget. alp. e subalp.'; 

 Kerner, 'Nat. Hist. PI..' Eng. Ed. i, H; Schulz, ' Beitrage,' II, pp. 4-7.)— This 

 species, with its sulphur-yellow variety (Anemone sulphurea Z.), bears protogynous 

 pollen flowers. The variety predominates in the Riesengebirge and Central Alps 

 of the Tyrol, while the ordinary form characterizes the Eastern Limestone Alps. 

 According to Kerner, this plant — like P. vernalis — bears hermaphrodite flowers of 

 two kinds, respectively possessing few short stamens, and numerous long ones. As 

 before, the former form is cross-fertilized, while the latter is autogamous. Hermann 

 Muller found some androdioecious flowers, in addition to hermaphrodite ones, and 

 Schulz found the still rarer andromonoecious flowers. In the Riesengebirge only 

 3-5 % are male flowers, in the Alps 80-95 %. They are smaller than the herma- 

 phrodite ones. 



Visitors. — Hermann Muller observed in the Alps 6 bees, 12 flies, and 

 2 beetles. Frey in Graubiinden observed one species of Lepidoptera, Lypusa 

 maurella .S". V. Dalla Torre and Schletterer in the Tyrol observed Bombus alticola 

 Kriechb. 5 and $, tolerably freq. 



6. Anemone Tourn. 



Monogamous, slightly protogynous, or slightly protandrous pollen flowers. 

 Petals wanting. Insects attracted by the sepals, which are usually white or yellow, 

 more rarely violet, red, or blue. Individual species (A. Richardsoni Hooker — in 

 Greenland) are also probably wind-pollinated (Warming). 



22. A. sylvestris L. (Herm. Muller, ' Weit. Beob.' I, p. 314; Schulz, 

 'Beitrage,' II, p. 7; Kerner, 'Nat. Hist. PI.,' Eng. Ed. i, II.)— In the milk-white 

 homogamous, or slightly protogynous, or slightly protandrous flowers, the inner 

 stamens bend together above the stigmas, so that self-pollination must occur auto- 

 matically. The flowers when expanded in the sunshine attain a diameter of 70 mm., 

 and consequently attract many insects, which, as they creep about, may effect either 

 self- or cross-pollination. 



Visitors. — Hermann Muller observed the following in his garden at Lippstadt. — 

 A. Coleoptera. {a) Cerambycidae : i . Grammoptera ruficornis F., devouring the 

 anthers, (b) Dermestidae : 2. Byturus fumatus F., po-dvg. (c) Malacodermata : 



