RANUNCULACEAE 



23 



8. Syritta pipiensZ., po-dvg. and skg. (Kn.,Kiel, H.M.). C. Hymenoptera. Apidae : 



9. Apis mellifica L. 5, skg. and po-cltg. (Kn., Kiel); 10. Halictus cylindricus F. 5, 

 po-cltg. (H. M.) ; II. H. flavipes F. 5, po-cltg. (H. M.). D. Lepidoptera : 12. 

 Coenonympha pamphilus Z., skg. (H. M.). 



Alfken and Hoppner observed — at Bremen — the small bee Dufourea vulgaris 

 Schenck 5 and $, skg., freq. 



H. de Vries (Ned. Kruidk. Arch., Nijmegen, 2. ser., 2. deal, 1875), observed 

 in the Netherlands a bee, Trachusa serratulae Pz. MacLeod — in Flanders — saw 

 a short-tongued bee, 3 hover-flies, and a Muscid (Bot. Jaarb. Dodonaea, Ghent, 

 vi, 1894, pp. 175-6). 



In Dumfriesshire (Scott-Elliot, ' Flora of Dumfriesshire,' p. 4) Muscidae and 

 various hover-flies have been observed. 



Fig. 8. Ranunculus Fiammula, L. (after Herm. Miiller). i. Flower just opening: the anthers of 

 some of the mar^^inal stamens have dehisced. 2. Flower in the first (male) condition : all the anthers 

 have dehisced ; the stig;mas are still immature. 3. Flower in the second (hermaphrodite) condition : the 

 stigmas are fully mature, some of the anthers are still covered with pollen, a, immature stamens ; 

 b, anthers about to dehisce ; f, stamens with dehisced anthers ; d^ stamens with empty anthers ; 

 e, carpel. 



58-60. R. acris L., R, repens L., and R. bulbosus L. — Herm. Miiller 

 ('Fertilisation,' pp. 76-7) states that these agree with R. Flammula in the structure 

 of their flowers, but receive more insect-visits owing to their greater conspicuousness. 

 The visitors are chiefly pollen-loving hover-flies (Syrphidae), which are attracted by 

 the bright blossoms and easily find the half-concealed nectar. Other frequent guests 

 are small bees, especially species of Halictus, which readily collect the abundant 

 pollen with their tarsal brushes, and with their moderately short proboscides easily 

 reach the nectar, for this — though hidden — is not difficult of access. These insects 

 and flowers — as Herm. Miiller puts it — are at correspondingly low stages of develop- 



