58 ANGIOSPERMAE— DICOTYLEDON ES 



Ober-Realschule. It went in a methodical way all round the flower and sucked 

 the nectaries in succession. On alighting it touched the stigma — which projected 

 to a distance of i mm. — and dusted it with pollen brought from another flower. 

 While the bee was sucking nectar a fresh supply of pollen adhered to its ventral 

 surface. 



ii8. E. pinnatum Fisch. (Loew, ' Blutenbiol. Beitrage,' I, p. 5.) — This species — 

 indigenous to Persia and the Caucasus — is protogynous in the Berlin Botanic 

 Garden. It agrees in structure — though not in size and colour — with E. alpinum. 



Visitors. — Loew observed Osmia rufa, Z., skg. 



119. E. macranthum Lindl. — According to Loew's investigations (' Blutenbiol. 

 Beitrage,' I, p. 6) in the Berlin Botanic Garden, this flower has long thin spurs, 

 which conceal the nectar in such a way that bees with a long proboscis are the 

 most likely pollinators. 



120. E. violaceum Morr. et Decne. — This is similar in structure to the last 

 species, with which it is perhaps identical (Loew, ' Bliitenbiol. Beitrage,' I, p. 6). 



121. E. rubrum Morr. (Loew, ' Blutenbiol. Beitrage,' I, p. 6.)— Like the two 

 preceding species this is indigenous to Japan. Its flowers have a relatively thick 

 spur, and like those of the other species are protogynous. 



Visitors. — Loew observed Bombus agrorum, F. }, skg., in the Berlin Botanic 

 Garden. 



31. Podophyllum L. 



Pollen flowers devoid of nectar and nectar-guides. 



122. P. Emodi Wall. (Loew, ' Blutenbiol. Beitrage,' I, p. 8.) — This Himalayan 

 species is probably pollinated by visitors which settle on the stigma, and then pass 

 on to the stamens in order to collect pollen. Cross-pollination must result from 

 a visit to a second flower. As the stigma projects above the anthers, automatic 

 self-pollination is excluded. 



123. P. peltatum L. (Loew, ' Blutenbiol. Beitrage,' I, p. 9.) — The number of 

 floral members of this North American species frequently varies. The stamens 

 project even in the bud. 



32. Achlys DC. 



124. A. triphylla DC. — According to Calloni (Arch. Sci. Phys., Geneve, 

 xviii, 1886), this plant possesses three kinds of flowers in every inflorescence: the 

 lower are barren, the middle are in part fertile, the upper ones are all fertile. 



33. Akebia Decne. 



125. A. quinata Des. — According to Francke ('Einige Beitr. z. Kennt. d. 

 Bestaubungseinricht. d. Pfl.,' Inaug.-Diss., Freiburg i. Br., Halle, 1883), cross- 

 pollination is effected either by the wind or by insects. The female flowers are 

 developed long before the male ones. 



