64 ANGIOSPERMAE—DICOTYLEDONES 



138. P, hybridum L. — According to Hoffmann, this species— at least in 

 gardens — possesses cleistogamous flowers. 



Visitors. — Schletterer — at Pola — observed the bee Halictus calceatus Scop. 



139. P. bracteatum'Lindl. — 



Visitors. — Loew noticed Apis mellifica L. 5 in the Berlin Botanic Garden, 

 po-cltg., and creeping over the stigma. 



140. P. burseri Crantz. — 



Visitors. — In the Berlin Botanic Garden, Loew noticed a long-tongued bee 

 (Osmia rufa L. J, po-cltg.). 



40. Glaucium Toum. 



Homogamous or slightly protogynous pollen flowers, devoid of odour, and red 

 or yellow in colour. 



141. G. flavum Crantz (=G. luteum Sm). (Kerner, 'Nat. Hist. PI.,' Eng. 

 Ed. I, n, p. 310; Kirchner, ' Beitrage,' p. 19; Knuth, ' Bliitenbiol. Herbstbeob.') — 

 The large citron-yellow petals fall off on the second day of flowering. The 

 stigma — which Kerner says develops somewhat earlier than the anthers — projects 

 a little beyond the stamens, so that automatic self-pollination is prevented. 



Visitors. — On cultivated plants at Kiel I observed as pollinating agents numerous 

 individuals of a hover-fly species (Syrphus ribesii L), po-dvg., and also several butter- 

 flies (Vanessa lo Z., and Rhodocera rhamni Z.), vainly searching for nectar. 

 Kirchner — at Hohenheim — noticed the honey-bee and Thrips ; while Loew — at 

 Bellagio — saw Xylocopa violacea Z. j, po-cltg. In Dumfriesshire (Scott-Elliot, ' Flora 

 of Dumfriesshire,' p. 9) there have been recorded 2 Muscidae, a hover-fly, and 

 Meligethe?. 



142. G. corniculatum Curt. (= G. phoeniceum Crantz). (Kerner, op. cit., 

 p. 213; Knuth, op. cit.) — The flower is bright red, with a black patch on the base 

 of each petal. Its structure is the same as in the last species. 



Visitors. — In the case of cultivated plants growing beside those of the last 

 species, the visitors to the two were identical. 



41. Chelidonium L. 



Homogamous pollen flowers with yellow petals. 



143. C. majus L. (Sprengel, ' Entd. Geh.,' p. 271 ; Herm. MuUer, ' Fertilisation,' 

 p. 94, ' Weit. Beob.,' I, p. 323 ; Hildebrand, 'Die Geschlechtsvert. b. d. Pfl.,' p. 60; 



Kirchner, 'Flora v. Stuttgart,' p. 279; Knuth, ' Bliiten- 

 biol. Herbstbeob.,' ' Bloemenbiol. Bijdragen ' ; Warns- 

 torf Verh.bot. Ver., Berlin, xxxvii, 1896.) — The flowers 

 open in sunny weather. The anthers dehisce laterally, 

 and the stigma matures simultaneously. As the latter 

 projects somewhat beyond the stamens, cross-pollination 

 is effected by insects coming from other flowers of the 

 Fig. 22. chciidoninm majus, L. same specics, and alighting in the centre of the flower, 



(after Hildebrand). The stiijnia pro- , ., . ,. , , r .i i i 



jects beyond the anthers. ^hile insects settlmg on the edge of the blossom may 



