124 ANGIOSPERMAE—DICOTYLEDONES 



i6. Apis mellifica Z. ; 17. Bombus lapidarius Z. ; 18. Halictus calceatus Arc/. D. 

 Lepidoptera. {a)Noctuidae: 19. Plusia gamma Z. [h) Rhopalocera: 20. Epinephele 

 janira Z. ; 21. Hipparchia hypeianthus Z. ; 22. Pieris napi Z.; 23. P. rapae Z. ; 

 24. Vanessa urticae Z. [c) Zygaemdae: 25. Zygaena filipendulae Z. ; all skg. 



On the dunes of Helgoland — where there are no bees — I noticed the following 

 on July 9, 1895.— 



A. Coleoptera. [a) Coccinellidae: i. Coccinella septempunctata Z. {b) Oede- 

 meridae: 2. Nacerdes melanura Z. (c) Tdephoridae : 3. Psilothrix cyaneus 01. 

 ( = Dolichosoma nobilis i?M«). B. Diptera. {a) Syrphidae: 4. Syrphus arcuatus 

 Za//. jandS; 5. S. pyrastri Z. J and S ; 6. Eristalis tenax Z. ; 7. E. sp. (b) Muscidae : 

 8. Calliphora vomitoria Z. S. C. Lepidoptera. Noctuidae : 9. Plusia gamma L. 

 All the insects very freq., the beetles po-dvg., the flies and moth skg. nectar. 



Alfken and Leege recorded the following from Juist. — 



A. Diptera. Syrphidae: i. Syritta pipiens Z. B. Hymenoptera. (a) Apidae: 

 I. Bombus lapidarius 5 and S, very freq., skg.; 2. B. lucorum Z. 5 and S, very freq., 

 skg. ; 3. B. ruderatus F. S, infrequent, skg. ; 4. B. terrester Z. 5, skg. ; 5. Psithyrus 

 rupestris F. t, freq., skg. ; 6. P. vestalis Fourcr. S, freq., skg. (b) Chrysididae : 

 7. ChrysisignitaZ. [c) Scoliidae : 8. Tiphia femorata Z'. (d) Pompilidae: 9. Pompilus 

 chalybeatus.SV^/i'*^; 10. P. plumbeus Zl C. Lepidoptera. {a^Pieridae: \\.Y\tx\% 

 brassicae Z.; 12. P. napi Z. (V) Satyridae: 13. Hipparchia seniele Z., freq. 



Verhoeff observed the following in Norderney. — 



A. Coleoptera. (a) NitiduUdae : i . Meligethes aeneus Z., freq. (3) Scara- 

 baeidae: 2. Phyllopertha horticola Z. B. Diptera. (a) Bomhyliidae: 3. Phthiria 

 canescens Zow. {b) Syrphidae: 4. Eristalis arbustorum Z., skg. ; 5. E. intricarius Z., 

 skg. and po-dvg. ; 6. E. tenax Z., one J, skg. and po-dvg. 



MacLeod saw a small nocturnal moth at Blankenberge. 



In Dumfriesshire (Scott-Elliot, 'Flora of Dumfriesshire,' p. 19) a Muscid and 

 Meligethes have been recorded. 



98. Rapistrum Boerh. 



Yellow, homogamous ilowers, with half-concealed nectar. Four nectaries. 



309. R. rugosum Bergt. (Kirchner, ' Beitrage,' pp. 24-5; Hildebrand, ' Ver- 

 gleich. Untersuch. ii. d. Saftdr. d. Cruciferen,' p. 25.) — Of the four nectaries 

 (figured by VelenovskJ'), two are actively secreting swellings on the inner side of 

 the bases of the short stamens : their nectar collects in pouches of the sepals. The 

 two other nectaries are smaller and papiUiform. They lie outside and between 

 the long stamens of each pair, and secrete but little. The diameter of the flower 

 is 10 mm.: the erect sepals are 5 mm. long, and hold the claws of the petals — 

 which are of equal length — in a vertical position. The anthers of the four long 

 stamens are i-i^ mm. above the entrance of the flower, and the stigma — which 

 matures simultaneously — is at the same level. Although these anthers turn their 

 dehisced sides outwards they get covered with pollen all round, and are so near 

 the stigma that automatic self-pollination no doubt sometimes occurs. The anthers 

 of the two short stamens only reach the entrance of the flower, where they spread 

 out to some distance from the pistil, thus serving for cross-pollination (Kirchner). 

 The species is almost self-sterile according to Hildebrand (Ber. D. bot. Ges., Berlin, 

 1896). 



