128 ANGIOSPERMAE—DICOTYLEDONES 



104. Succowia Medic. 



320. S. balearica. — As No. 319. 



105. Pugionium Gaertn. 



321. P. dolabratum Maxim. — Batalin (Acta horti Petr., St. Peterburg, x, 1889) 

 describes this species as being protandrous. 



X. ORDER CAPPARIDEAE JUSS. 



Some of the species belonging to this order are pollinated by humming-birds. 

 Details will be given elsewhere, when dealing with the extra-European flora. 



106. Capparis L. ; 107. Cleome Cl.; and 108. Polanisia Rafin. 



According to Delpino (' Sugli app. d. fecondaz. n. piante autocarp.'), species of 

 the above three genera are cleistogamous. 



XL ORDER RESEDACEAE DC. 

 109. Reseda L. 



Flowers whitish or yellow, homogamous or feebly protandrous, with half- 

 concealed to completely concealed nectar. The petals are split into radiating clavate 

 threads. The torus broadens out at the back into an erect, four-sided disk, the 

 velvety anterior surface of which serves as a nectar-guide, while its posterior smooth 

 surface secretes and conceals the nectar. The expanded claws of the posterior 

 and middle petals protect the nectar from rain and useless visitors (flies). They 

 closely adjoin the posterior side of the disk, and embrace its upper and lateral 

 margins with their forwardly directed lobes. Wilson compares the nectary to a pot 

 of which the lid must be opened by nectar-seeking insects, and short-tongued bees 

 (Prosopis) are better adapted for this than long-tongued ones. The flower is open 

 even in the bud, and the beginning of anthesis is marked by the first secretion 

 of nectar. The ovary projects from the middle of the flower, and serves as the 

 most convenient alighting-place for insects. It follows that these will regularly effect 

 cross-pollination when they have previously visited another flower of the same species 

 (cf. Fig. 36). 



322. R. luteola L. (Herm. Miiller, ' FertiUsation,' p. 116, ' Weit. Beob.,' II, 

 f. 205; MacLeod, Bot. Jaarb. Dodonaea, Ghent, vi, 1894, pp. 214-15; Kirchner, 

 'Flora V. Stuttgart,' p. 316.) — The inconspicuous bright yellow flowers — open in 

 the bud — are aggregated into moderately conspicuous inflorescences. They quickly 

 wither. The stamens are symmetrically arranged around the pistil, and the three 

 stigmas project a little beyond them. As there is no movement of the stamens 

 during anthesis, automatic self-pollination easily takes place. Beyer states that 

 the stamens dehisce in centrifugal order, unlike those of the other species. 



Visitors. — Herm. Miiller (H. M.) and Buddeberg (Budd.) observed the 

 following. — 



