146 



ANGIOSPERMAE—DICOTYLEDONES 



with the hawk-moth, Macroglossa stellatarum Z., rendered famous by Hermann 

 Miiller (cf. Vol.1, p. 172; Vol. II, p. 139). (Cf. the review by Grevillius in Bot. 

 Centralbl., Cassel, Ixxi, 1897.) 



113. lonidium Vent. 



Some species of this genus are cleistogamous, according to Bernoulli (Bot. 

 Ztg., Leipzig, xxvii, 1869). 



XIV. ORDER POLYGALEAE JUSS. 

 The genus here to be considered is — 



114. Polygala L. 



Literature. — Hildebrand, Bot. Ztg., Leipzig, xxv, 1867, p. 281; Knuth, 'Bl. 

 u. Insekt. a. d. nordfr. Ins.,' p. 35. 



Homogamous bee flowers. The chief means of attracting insects are two large 

 lateral petaloid sepals. The petals are usually of minor importance for this purpose, 

 mainly serving to protect the stamens and pistil. Cleistogamy has also been 

 observed (Kuhn). 



Fig. 41. Polygala comosa, Schk. (after Hermann Miiller). (l) Flower seen from the side (the flower 

 is represented erect instead of in the natural horizontal position) : j, sepal ; 5', one of the two lateral sepals 

 that serve to attract insects ; /, petal ; p\ lower petal provided with digitate appendages, to which the 

 insect clings when it alights. (2) Flower seen from below. (3) Lower petal enclosing the essential 

 organs, seen from above ; a, anthers : ,v, stigma (with adhesive matter) ; /, spoon-shaped end of the style, 

 which receives the pollen from the adjacent anthers. (4) Pistil, seen from above ; st, stigma ; /, spoon- 

 shaped process ; oz\ ovary. (5) The same, seen obliquely from above. (6t The same, seen from the side. (7) 

 The lower petal of a flower just about to expand, split to show the anthers enclosed by it. (8) The coherent 

 anthers. (91 A dehisced antlier ; po, pollen-grains. 



Chodat (' Revision et critique des Polygala suisses,' Bui. Soc. Bot., Geneve, 

 V, (1888) 1889, pp. 123-85) is of opinion that all the Swiss species of Polygala 

 are capable of self-pollination, i. e. P. vulgaris Z., P. comosa Schk.. P. :im3.vzjacq., 

 P. calcarea Schk., P. nicaeensis Rzsso, P. depressa Wender., P. alpina Long, et Perr., 

 and P. Chamaebuxus Z. 



365. P. comosa Schk. (Hildebrand, Bot. Ztg., Leipzig, xxv, 1867; Herm. 

 IM tiller, 'Fertilisation,' pp. 122-3, 'Weit. Beob.,' II, p. 213, ' Alpenblumen,' p. 169; 



