i8o 



ANGIOSPERMAE—DICOTYLEDONES 



All the flowers observed by Magnus at Kissingen showed a transition to 

 cleistogamy, the pale corolla remaining closed. 



Besides hermaphrodite flowers, Schulz noticed female ones, distributed 

 gynomonoeciously, more rarely gynodioeciously. 



Visitors. — I saw the honey-bee skg. in the island of Sylt (' Weit. Beob.,' p. 232). 



Verhoeff observed the following in Norderney. — 



A. Diptera. (a) Empidae: i. Hilara quadrivittata Mg.; (^) Muscidae: 2. 

 Anthomyia sp., skg. ; 3. Aricia incana Wiedem., skg. ; 4. Lucilia caesar L. J, skg.; 

 (c) Syrphidae : 5. Syritta pipiens L., skg. 



449. S. rubra Presl (=Arenaria rubra and campestris Z., Alsine rubra 

 WaUenb., and Lepigonum rubrum Wahlenb^. — According to Schulz ('Beitrage/I, p. 17), 

 the flower mechanism of this species resembles that of S. salina, and there is also 

 an agreement as regards the small number of stamens. The flowers vary from 

 homogamy to slight protandry, and, as in the last species, self-pollination often takes 

 place when they remain closed. There are female flowers as well as hermaphrodite 

 ones. These are usually smaller, and may be distributed either gynomonoeciously 

 or gynodioeciously. Schulz regards this species as oecologically intermediate 

 between S. media and S. salina. 



Visitors. — MacLeod observed an Empid in Flanders (Bot. Jaarb. Dodonaea, 

 Ghent, vi, 1894, p. 157). 



129. Cherleria L. 



Flowers protandrous to homogamous, and very inconspicuous, with half- 

 concealed nectar secreted between the roots of the stamens. 



Fig. 51. Chirltria sedoidcs, L. (after Herm. Mttller). A. Flower seen from above (X i6). B. Styles 

 and stigmas in the first (male) condition. C. The same in the second (female) condition, j, sepals ; 

 p^ petsuls ; Ji, filaments ; w, nectaries ; tw, ovary. 



450. C. sedoides L. (Herm. Muller, ' Alpenblumen,' pp. 184-5; Schulz, 

 ' Beitrage,' II, pp. 44-5.) — In this species the petals scarcely attain one-third the 

 length of the sepals. The expanded calyx is star-shaped and 4-5 mm. in diameter. 



Hermann Muller says that in the Alps the hermaphrodite flowers are distinctly 

 protandrous, so that automatic self-pollination is usually prevented. Schulz examined 



