CARYOPHYLLEAE 191 



Verhoeff observed the following in Norway. — 



A. Diptera. (a) Bibionidae: i. Scatopse notata Z. (b) Muscidae: 2. Antho- 

 myia sp., freq., skg. ; 3. Lucilia caesar Z. j and S, skg. ; 4. Nemopoda stercoraria 

 Rob.-Desv., skg. (c) Syrphidae: 5. Platycheirus clypeatus j^. $, skg.; 6. Syritta 

 pipiens Z., skg. B. Hymenoptera. Formicidae: 7. Lasius niger Z., skg. 



Alfken saw the following at Bremen. — 



A. Hymenoptera. Apidae: 1. Andrena parvula K. j, skg.; 2. Halictus 

 nitidiusculus K. 5, skg.; 3. Podalirius acervorum Z. S. B. Diptera. Syrphidae: 

 4. Chrysogaster macquarti Loew. 



Bees have also been recorded as follows. — By Schmiedeknecht in Thuringia — 



1. Andrena congruens Schmiedekn.; 2. A. dorsata K. %\ 3. A. eximia Sm.; 4. A. 

 floricola Ev. 



By Friese in Baden (B.) and Mecklenburg (M.) — i. Andrena gwynana K., 2nd 

 generation (M.); 2. A. parvula K., freq. (M.), very freq. (B.). 



By von Dalla Torre and Schletterer in the Tyrol — i. Andrena eximia Sm. S; 



2. Halictus albipes Fbr. 5 ; 3. Nomada alternata K. t>. 



Burkill observed the following — all skg. — on the Yorkshire coast (' Fertlsn. of 

 Spring Flowers'). — 



A. Diptera. {a) Bibionidae: i. Scatopse notata Z. (b) Muscidae: 2. Lucilia 

 cornicina F. ; 3. Phorbia muscaria Mg. ; 4. Scatophaga stercoraria Z. ; 5. Sepsis 

 nigripes Mg. (c) Phoridae: 6. Phora, sp. C. Hymenoptera. Ichneumonidae: 

 7. Pezomachus, sp. C. Thysanoptera. 8. Thrips, sp. 



In Dumfriesshire — Meligethes and numerous Diptera have been recorded (Scott- 

 Elliot, 'Flora of Dumfriesshire,' p. 28). 



472. S. nemorum L. — The hermaphrodite flowers of this species are every- 

 where more or less distinctly protandrous. Besides these there are smaller female 

 ones, distributed gynodioeciously in Thuringia (Ludwig) and the Riesengebirge 

 (Schulz) or more rarely gynomonoeciously. 



Visitors. — Lindman observed small and medium-sized flies on the Dovrefjeld. 

 In Dumfriesshire — Meligethes and numerous flies have been recorded (Scott- 

 Elliot, 'Flora of Dumfriesshire,' p. 28). 



473. S. Frieseana Lange. — Lindman states that the variety alpesiris is pro- 

 togynous on the Dovrefjeld, becoming homogamous later on by persistence of the 

 stigmas. In Atnedal, however, there are also many protandrous plants. Automatic 

 self-pollination easily takes place towards the end of anthesis, by the contact of 

 stigmas and anthers. 



474. S. palustris Ehrh. ( = S. glauca With}). — In this species gynodioeciously 

 distributed female flowers have been observed in Denmark (Warming) and Germany 

 (Ludwig, Hermann Muller), as well as strongly protandrous hermaphrodite ones. 



Visitors. — MacLeod observed a Muscid in Flanders (Bot. Jaarb. Dodonaea, 

 Ghent, vi, 1894, p. 164). 



475. S. bulbosa Wulf. — Kemer made observations on this species in Carniola. 

 The flowers are moderately large, and yet receive very few visits from insects (some 

 flies), and are quite infertile. Propagation is effected by means of numerous little 

 tubers on the thread-like underground stem. 



