232 ANGIOSPERMAE—DICOTYLEDONES 



Schletterer noiiced the following bees at Pola : — i. Andrena ventricosa Dours. 5 ; 

 2. Ceratina cucurbitina Rossi; 3. Halictus calceatus Scop. 



In Dumfriesshire 3 Muscidae have been recorded (Scott-Elliot, ' Flora of 

 Dumfriesshire,' p. 37). 



Ludwig saw some Apidae, 2 ichneumons, 5 bees, and the following flies, 

 visiting the variety pimpinellifolium (D. bot. Monatschr., Arnstadt, i, 1883). — 



(a) Syrphidae: i . Syrphus pyrastri Z. ; 2. S. cinctellus Zrf/. ; 3. S. lineola Z^/A ; 

 4. S. corollae F. ; 5. S. balteatus Beg.; 6. S. arcuatus Fa//.; 7. Eristalis sepulcralis 

 £.; 8. Syritta pipiens Z. ; 9. Melithreptus scriptus Z. ; 10. M. pictus ^i^. ; 11. M. 

 taeniatus Mg. ; 12. Melanostoma mellina Z. ; 13. M. gracilis Mg. ; 14. Ascia poda- 

 gricaZl ; 15. Xylota segnis Z. ; 16. Platycheirus albimanus Z'. ; 17. P. scutatus tJj^.; 

 18. P. clypealus Ji/g.; 19. P. fasciculatus Loew; 20. Lucilia caesar Z.; 21. L. 

 sylvarum i?^. (h) Muscidae : 22. Anthomyia radicum Z. ; 23. Spilogaster duplicata 

 Alg. ; 24. Chortophila cilicrura Rond. ; 25. C. dissecta i\lg. ; 26. C. floccosa Mg. 



584. E. malachoides Willd.^ 



Visitors. — Schletterer observed the bee Halictus calceatus Scop, at Pola. 



585. E. gruinum Willd. (Ludwig, Bot. Centralbl., Cassel, viii, 1881, pp. 357- 

 62.) — Ludwig slates that this South European and North African species bears large 

 blue protogynous flowers, exhibiting radial symmetry, and having a diameter of 

 28 mm. The stamens at first curve outwards, subsequently bending inwards, so 

 that self-pollination may ultimately be effected. 



586. E. macradenum L'Hdrit. (Ludwig, op. cit., viii, 1881, pp. 87-88.)^ 

 Ludwig sa)'s that the flowers of this Pyrenean species are so markedly protandrous 

 that self-pollination is prevented. Each of the two upper petals possesses a large 

 and conspicuous nectar-guide. Ludwig also states that the species is adynamandrous. 



587. E. Gussoni Tenore. — This small-flowered South European species is very 

 nearly homogamous. 



588. E. Manescavi Coss.— Ludwig states that the petals of this Pyrenean 

 species are of a purple-violet colour, with darker veins, while the upper one possesses 

 a basal nectar-guide. The anthesis of the protogynous flowers lasts from i|- to 3 

 days, and the species is in bloom for four months. 



Both autocarpy and allocarpy obtain to a certain extent. Out of forty-four 

 flowers pollinated from the same stock, twenty-six set fruits, but only 4 % of these 

 ripened. 



589. E. moschatum L'H^rit. — Ludwig says that the short-lived inconspicuous 

 purple flowers of this species are either homogamous, or slightly protogynous. 



590. E. maritimum L'Herit. — According to Ludwig this species is sometimes 

 pseudo-cleistogamcus. 



2. Tribe Pelargonieae. 



173. Pelargonium L'Herit. 



According to Hildebrand (Bot. Ztg., Leipzig, xxvii, 1869, pp. 479-81), some 

 species of this genus are protandrous, while the first flowers are purely female. 



591. P. triste L. — The greenish flowers of this species exhale a strong odour 

 at night. 



