248 ANGIOSPERMAE—DICOTYLEDONES 



folded petals, which only become erect and free the anthers at a later stage. 

 Warnstorf gives a similar account of the flower mechanism as observed at Ruppin. 

 The blossoms are homogamous, and when they open the stigmatic papillae are 

 fully developed, and probably ready for pollination. The stamens are at first covered 

 by the small cap-hke folded white petals, and subsequently incline inwards towards 

 the stigmas. As the anthers dehisce introrsely, autogamy can take place in the 

 absence of insect-visits. The small smooth pollen-grains are white and irregular, 

 varying from rounded-tetrahedral to nearly ellipsoidal, about 30 /x long and 19 ^ 

 broad. 



Schulz states that there are two forms of flower, short-styled and long-styled 

 respectively. In the one, as figured by Muller, the style does not attain the level 

 of the anthers, in the other it reaches at least to their bases, and usually to their 

 middle, or even higher. These two forms are local. 



Visitors. — Schulz saw at Bozen numerous bees (including Apis), wasps, ich- 

 neumon-flies, flies, and beetles ; in all about 300 visitors in fourteen days. He noticed 

 similar visitors in Central Germany. 



F. F. Kohl saw the wasp Polistes gallica L. in the Tyrol. 



Hermann Muller observed the following in Westphalia. — 



A. Diptera. i. Culex pipiens L.i, skg. B. Hymenoptera. (a) Apidae: 

 2. Apis mellifica L. 5, skg. and po-cUg. ; 3. Bombus agrorum F. 5 and 5, skg.; 4. 

 Macropis labiata F. S, do. (b) Vespidae: 5. Eumenes pomiformis Z'., skg.; 6. Vespa 

 sylvestris Scop. 5, do. 



Alfken saw the following at Bremen. — 



A. Coleoptera. Elateridae: i. Corymbites sjaelandicus Mi'dkr ; 2. Elater 

 balteatus L. ; 3. E. pomonae Sleph. ; 4. Sericus brunneus L. B. Hymenoptera. 

 Apidae: 5. Apis mellifica L. 5, skg. and po-cltg. ; 6. Bombus jonellus K. 5, skg.; 

 7. B. proteus Gerst. 5 ; 8. B. terrester L. 5 and 5. 



Schiner noticed a Muscid — Lophosia fasciata Mg. — in Austria. MacLeod saw 

 Apis, a humble-bee, an Empis, and a beetle in Flanders (Bot. Jaarb. Dodonaea, 

 Ghent, vi, 1894, p. 248). And H. de Vries observed the honey-bee in the Nether- 

 lands (Ned. Kruidk. Arch., Nijmegen, 2. sen, 2. deel, 1875). 



620. R. Alatemus L. — 



Visitors. — Schmiedeknecht, according to Piccioli, records Andrena schmiede- 

 knechti Magr., for Florence. 



186. Paliurus Tourn. 



621. p. aculeatus Lam. (=P. australis Gaerin.). — According to Delpino 

 ('Altri appar. dicog. recent, oss.,' pp. 51-2), this species is markedly protandrous. 

 The stamens are at first erect or slightly bent inwards, shed their pollen, and then 

 curve outwards, while the stigmas mature. 



Visitors. — Schiner saw a hover-fly — Spilomyia speciosa Rossi — in Austria. 



Schletterer observed the following Hymenoptera at Pola. 



(a) Apidae: i. Anthidium diadema L/r.; 2. A. variegatum F.; 3. Andrena 

 austriaca Pz. ; 4. A. colletiformis Mor. ; 5. A. flavipes Pz. ; 6. A. nana K. ; 7. Cera- 

 tina cucurbitina Rossi; 8. Collates lacunatus Lours.; 9. Epeolus scalaris III.; 10. 

 Eriades campanularum K.; 11. Halictus calceatus Scop.; 12. H. interruptus Pz.; 



