252 ANGIOSPERMAE—DICOTYLEDONES 



The flowers of the vines I examined at Kiel were all thickly covered with yellow 

 pollen, from which circumstance it appeared to me to be likely that autogamy and 

 geitonogamy may occasionally be effected by the wind, while xenogamy may be 

 brought about by insects. 



Rathay states that cultivated vines may be gynodioecious or andromonoecious, 

 and wild ones dioecious with pseudo-hermaphrodite pollen and fruiting flowers. 

 According to Focke (Abh. natw. Ver., Bremen, xiv, 1897, p. 302) the hermaphrodite 

 form of Vitis vinifera Z. is perfectly fertile in itself; in the case of V. cordifolia 

 Mchx. the pollen of the male form is necessary for the production of good fruit. 

 This latter species is therefore almost dioecious. 



Visitors. — At Kiel I observed the honey-bee and B. terresterZ., po-cltg., as they 

 flew from flower to flower. The humble-bees in particular were so active that 

 they constantly came back again, though repeatedly driven away by the owner of 

 the vines, who feared that the flowers might be injured. Kronfeld (Ber. D. bot. Ges., 

 vii, 1889) also saw numerous honey-bees in a garden at Ober-St.-Veit. 



Rathay has observed the largest number of visitors, as follows (' Die Ge- 

 schlechtsverhaltnisse der Reben,' Part 2, 1889, pp. 17-23). — 



A. Coleoptera. i. Adrastus humilis Er.; 2. Agriotes ustulatus Schaller; 



3. Anaglyptus mysticus Z. ; 4. Anaspis pulicaria Costa. ; 5. Clytra musciformis G'6ze\ 

 6. Clytus figuratus Scop. ; 7. C. ornatus Herbsl. ; 8. Danacea nigritarsis Kiist. ; 

 9. Dasytes plumbeus 3Iull. ; 10. Adoxus obscurus Z., var. vitis Fabr. ; 11. Limonius 

 \ythrodti Germ.; 12. Malachius elegans O/z'ii. ; 13. M. geniculatus (Jfrw. ; 14. Meli- 

 gethes brassicae Scop.; 15. Nacerdes austriacus Ggb.: 16. Notoxys cornutus Fabr.; 

 17. N. monoceros Z. ; 18. Oxythyrea funesta Poda. ; 19. Phyllopertha horticola Z. ; 

 20. Spermophagus cardui 6"/;;?'. ; 2 1 . Epilachna globosa ^/zntVcf. B. Diptera. 22. 

 Sciara sp. C. Hymenoptera. 23. Andrena sp. 5; 24. Apis meUifica Z. ; 

 25. Halictus albipes F., var. affinis Schenck; 26. H. morio F.; 27. H. villosulus K. 

 D. Hemiptera. 28. Two undetermined specimens. 



Rathay also gives (op. cit.) the following visitors for different varieties of the 

 vine. — 



A. Coleoptera. i. Adrastus humihs Zr., i on 'Zimmet-traube'; 2. Anaspis 

 puhcaria Costa., 2 on ' Zimmet-traube ' ; 3. Clytra musciformis Goeze, 1 on ' Zimmet- 

 traube ' ; 4. Clytus figuratus Scop., 6 on ' Zimmet-traube ' ; 5. Danacea nigritarsis 

 Kiist., 2 on ' Zimmet-traube ' ; 6. Dasytes plumbeus Miill., i on ' Zimmet-traube,' 



1 on V. riparia; 7. Adoxus obscurus Z., var. vitis Fabr., i on 'Zimmet-traube'; 

 8. Limonius lyihrodes Germ., 1 on ' Zimmet-traube' ; 9. Malachius geniculatus Germ., 



2 on 'Zimmet-traube,' 3 on V. riparia; 10. Meligethes brassicae Scop., 3 on blue 

 Kardaka (V. vinifera), 10 on 'Zimmet-traube' (V. vinif ) ; 11. Nacerdes austriaca 

 Ggb., 5 5 and 2 S on ' Zimmet-traube ' ; 12. Oedemera lurida Marsh., 1 on V. riparia ; 

 13. Oxythyrea funesta Poda., i on 'Zimmet-traube'; 14. Phyllopertha horticola Z., 

 2 on ' Zimmet-traube ' ; 15. Spermophagus cardui Stev., 3 on V. riparia, 2 on ' Zim- 

 met-traube'; 16. Subcoccinella 24-punctata Z., i on 'Zimmet-traube.' B. Diptera. 

 17. Sciara sp., 2 on 'Zimmet-traube'; 18. Syritta pipiens Z., i on V. riparia. 

 C. Hymenoptera. 19, Halictus albipes F., var. affinis Schenck, 2 on ' Zimmet- 

 traube'; 20. H. morio F., i on 'Zimmet-traube.' 



Supplementary list. — 



A. Coleoptera. i. Coccinella bipunctata Z., i on V. riparia; 2. Agriotes 

 ustulatus Schall., i on V. vinifera ; 3. Anaglyptus mysticus Z., i on V. viniferas 



4. Anaspis melanostoma Cost., 1 on V. rupestris candicans ; 5. Ceutorrhynchus 

 suturalis Fabr., i on V. riparia; 6. Cis hispidus Payk., i on V. riparia; 7. Clytus 



