266 ANGIOSPERMAE—DICOTYLEDONES 



I have so far observed Apis and some humble-bees (Bombus cognatus Sleph., 

 B. lapidarius L., B. terrester Z.) in Schleswig-Holstein. 

 Hermann Miiller's list of visitors is as follows. — 



A. Coleoptera. {a) Chrysomelidae: i. Cryptocephalus moraei Z., gnawing the 

 flowers; 2. C. sericeus Z. ; 3. C. vittatus F. {b) Elateridae \ 4. Agriotes gallicus 

 Lac, vainly skg. ; 5. A. ustulatus ScholL, do. B. Diptera. (a) Conopidae : 6. Myopa 

 testacea Z., vainly skg. ; 7. Sicus ferrugineus Z., do. (b) Syrphidae: 8. Chrysotoxum 

 bicinctum Z., vainly skg. C. Hymenoptera. (a) Apidae: 9. Andrena albicrus 

 K. i, po-cltg. ; 10. A. fulvescens Sm. J, do.; 11. A. fulvicrus I^. 5, do.; 12. A. 

 xanthura J^. 5, do. ; 1 3. Anthidium punctatum Za/r. S, vainly seeking for nectar, 

 po-cltg. ; 14. Apis mellifica Z. 5, freq., po-cltg. ; 15. Bombus terrester Z. 5, po-cltg. ; 

 16. Colletes daviesanus A'. 5, do.; 17. Diphysis serratulae Pz. S, do.; 18. Halictus 

 albipes F. }, do.; 19. H. rubicundus CAr., do.; 20. Megachile centuncularis Z. $, 

 very freq., po-cltg. ; 21. M. circumcincta A'. 5, do. ; 22. M. versicolor Sm. 5, po-cltg.; 

 23. M. willughbiella .AT. 5, do.; 24. Osmia platycera Gersl., do. (3) Vespidae: 

 25. Odynerus trifasciatus F. 5, po-dvg. D. Lepidoptera. 26. Lycaena damon 

 ^. v.; 27. Melitaea athalia Roll.; 28. Pararge megaera Z., vainly seeking for 

 nectar. 



Rossler observed a moth, Grapholitha scopariana H.-S. at Wiesbaden. 

 In Dumfriesshire two humble-bees were noticed (Scott-Elliot, ' Flora of Dum- 

 friesshire,' p. 42). 



642. G. germanica L. — Kirchner ('Flora v. Stuttgart,' pp. 473-4) states that 

 the flower mechanism resembles that of the last species, but in this case there is 

 no explosion by release of parts in a state of tension. The stamens and style 

 protrude from the carina on the application of pressure, so that there is a simple 

 valvular arrangement. There is a slit in the upper side of the carina, extending 

 right to its tip, and just in front of the claw of either carinal petal there is a rounded 

 prominence which fits into a pouch in the corresponding ala. The anthers are 

 disposed in two sets in the bud, one close behind the other, and the hooked inwardly 

 bent style projects beyond them. They dehisce before anthesis. The anterior 

 surface of the style is pressed against the inner wall of the carina, so that there 

 is a certain amount of strain — though this is inconsiderable — between the style and 

 stamens on the one hand and the carina on the other. In this stage the vexillum 

 is still folded down on the alae and carina, and as the stigma is already mature 

 automatic self-pollination must take place, according to the above account. As 

 the vexillum erects itself the backwardly-curved style elongates, and projects from 

 the tip of the carina of the horizontal flower. Insect visitors must, therefore, first 

 touch the stigma as they alight, and will effect cross- pollination if they have 

 previously visited another flower. During the first visit almost all the pollen is 

 at once discharged from the depressed carina. If the carina is only slightly pressed 

 down it returns slowly to its original position when the pressure is removed, owing 

 to the slight elasticity of its interlocking projections. But if it is so far depressed 

 by heavier and more powerful insects that these projections are brought right 

 under the style, a return to the first position is impossible. Such flowers look 

 like the exploded blossoms of G. tinctoria. 



Visitors. — I observed Bombus lapidarius L. 5 in Schleswig-Holstein ('Bloemen- 

 biol. Bijdragen '). 



