LEGUMINOSAE 293 



first touching the stignia and then getting dusted with pollen. Hence cross-pollina- 

 tion is regularly eflfected if another flower has previously been visited. In T. pratense, 

 on the other hand, the proboscis of a Lepidopterid, when similarly introduced, does 

 not touch the stigma and poUen. The blossoms of this species are therefore purely 

 humble-bee flowers, while those of T. alpestre are adapted for cross-pollination by 

 both humble-bees and Lepidoptera. 



Visitors, — Those observed by Hermann MuUer in Thuringia correspond with 

 the above interpretation. He found the following. — 



A. Hymenoptera. Apidae : i. Eucera longicornis L. 5, skg. ; 2. Psithyrus 

 rupestris F. 5, do. B. Lepidoptera. Rhopalocera : 3. Coenonympha arcania Z., 

 trying to suck; 4. C. pamphilus Z., do.; 5. Epinephele janira Z., do. ; 6. Hesperia 

 thaumas.^M., very freq., skg.; 7. Lycaena semiargus 7?o//., trying to suck; 8. Melan- 

 argia galatea Z., in large numbers, skg. or trying to do so ; 9. Melitaea athalia i?o//., 

 trying to suck; 10. Pieris rapae Z., in large numbers, skg.; 11. Syrichthus malvae 

 £., trying to suck. 



Loew observed the bees — Eucera longicornis Z. 5, po-cltg., in Silesia (' Beitrage,' 

 p. 53); and Bombus pomorum Pz., var. elegans Setdl. 5, in Switzerland (op. cit., 

 p. 62). 



Schletterer and von Dalla Torre noticed the leaf-cutting bee Megachile nigri- 

 ventris Schenck, in the Tyrol. 



692. T. medium L. (=T. flexuosum Jacq). — Kirchner states (' Flora v. 

 Stuttgart,' p. 492) that the flower mechanism of this species is the same as that 

 of T. pratense, but the flowers are of a brighter red. 



Visitors. — The following have been observed by Herm. Miiller (H. M.) in 

 Westphalia, and Buddeberg (Budd.) in Nassau. — 



A. Hymenoptera. Apidae: 1. Andrena dorsata K. 5, po-cltg. (H. M.); 

 2. Bombus agrorum F. 5, skg. normally (H. M.); 3. B. muscorum F. 5, skg. 

 (Budd.) ; 4. B. terrester Z. 5, perforating the flower-tube and stealing nectar (H. M., 

 Thuringia); 5. Halictus smeathmanellus K. 5, trying to suck (Budd.); 6. Psithyrus 

 barbutellus A'. ?, skg. (Budd.); 7. P. campestris Pz. §, do. (Budd.). B. Diptera. 

 Syrphidae : 8. Volucella plumata Z., trying to suck (Budd.). C. Lepidoptera. 

 Rhopalocera: 9. Coenonympha pamphilus Z.., skg. (H. M., Thuringia) ; 10. Hesperia 

 lineola C, do. (H. M.) ; 11. Lycaena semiargus i?o//., do. (H. M.); 12. Melanargia 

 galatea Z., do. (H. M., Thuringia). 



Alfken and Hoppner noticed the following bees at Bremen. — 



I. Andrena convexiuscula K. 5, po-cltg., J; 2. Colletes daviesanus K. 5; 3. 

 Megachile circumcincta K. $, po-cltg. ; 4. Podalirius borealis Mor. 5, do., J. 



In Dumfriesshire Apis and 2 humble-bees were recorded (Scott-Elliot, ' Flora of 

 Dumfriesshire,' p. 45). 



693. T. rubens L. (Herm. Miiller, 'Fertilisation,' p. 187. ' Weit. Beob.,' II, 

 pp. 248-9.) — According to Hermann Miiller, who studied this species in Thuringia, 

 the flower mechanism is intermediate between those of T. pratense and T. alpestre. 

 The purple-red flowers are borne on an elongated axis, all of them being similarly 

 placed and directed obliquely upwards. The upper part of the flower-tube is curved 

 strongly outwards, giving a flexure which corresponds to the most convenient 

 position for the proboscis of long-tongued bees. The corolla-tube is 8-9 mm. long 

 up to the separation of vexillum and carina, and 13-14 mm. to the tip of the carina. 



