296 



ANGIOSPERMAE—DICOTYLEDONES 



699. T. badium Schreb. (Herm. Miiller, ' Alpenblumen,' pp. 246-7.) — The 

 tiny golden-yellow flowers of this species are scarcely 8 mm. long, and the distance 

 from the tip of the carina to the nectar is hardly 4 mm., so that it is accessible 

 to quite short-tongued bees. Lepidoptera are also easily able to effect cross- 

 pollination, for the stigma is at about the same level as the anthers, surrounded 

 by them, and situated quite at the top of the broad open cleft of the carina (see 

 Fig. 96). In the absence of insect-visits automatic self-pollination readily occurs. 



Visitors. — Herm. Miiller observed 4 humble-bees and 1 1 Lepidoptera. 



700. T. agrarium L. (Herm. Miiller, 'Weit. Beob.,' II, p. 250; MacLeod, 

 Bot. Jaarb. Dodonaea, Ghent, vi, 1894, p. 350.) — Here again automatic self-pollination 

 is eflfective. 



nh 



Fig. 95. Trifolium palUsctTis, Schreb. lafter Herm. Miiller). A. Flower seen from below. B. The 

 same, after removal of the calyx and vexillum ; seen from above. C. The same, seen from* the side. 

 D. Flower after removal of the vexillum, with depressed alae and carina. E. Flower after removal of 

 the calyx, vexillum, and right ala ; seen from the right side. References as in Fig. 94. 



Visitors. — Hermann Miiller gives the following. — 



A. Hymenoptera. Apidae: i. Apis mellifica L. 5, skg. B. Lepidoptera.. 



Rhopalocera: 2. Epinephele hyperanthus Z., skg. (Bavarian Oberpfalz) ; 3. Hesperia 

 lineola O., do. ; 4. Lycaena aegon S. V. i, do. 



MacLeod observed the bee Halictus flavipes F. 5 in Flanders. 



701. T. campestre Schreb. (Knuth, ' Bl. u. Insekt. a. d. nordfr. Ins.,' pp. 60-1, 

 153.) — This is a variety of T. procumbens Z. with larger dark-yellow flowers, which 

 afterwards become brown. In the bud, the large vexillum closely, and almost 

 completely, surrounds the other parts of the flower. On anthesis, the vexillum, 

 which is stiffened by a number of longitudinal veins, serves as a roof by which 

 the alae and the tiny carina, as well as the stamens and pistil, are sheltered. The 

 limbs of the alae are fused with the carina, so that during insect-visits both are 

 depressed together, or laterally displaced, while stamens and pistil project. As 

 the stigma protrudes somewhat further than the anthers, a visitor must first touch 

 the former and then the latter with its ventral surface. When a second flower 



