LEGUMINOSAE 



319 



covering only the claws of the carina, and serving as nectar-covers, by which 

 lateral access is prevented or at least rendered difficult The platform for insect 

 visitors is therefore constituted by the carina alone. As the result of its own 

 elasticity, this returns to its original position on the conclusion of a visit. The 

 stigma projects beyond the anthers, so that cross-pollination is ensured should such 

 visits take place. Automatic self-pollination is excluded, especially as the style 

 becomes more and more erect as anthesis progresses, and ultimately projects 

 i-i^ mm. from the carinal cleft. Since the calyx-tube is only 2-3 mm. long, the 

 nectar and pollen are accessible, even to the shortest-tongued bees. Schulz noticed 

 flowers perforated by humble-bees in Central Germany. 



Visitors. — Herm. Miiller says that the honey-bee (skg. and po-cltg.) is by far 

 the most frequent guest, paying at least nine-tenths of all the visits. I myself 

 noticed it in great num- 

 bers in Mecklenburg. 

 Herm. Miiller also re- 

 cords the following. — 



A. Hymenoptera. 

 Apidae : i . Anthidium 

 manicatum L. 5, skg. and 

 po-cltg., S, skg. ; 2. An- 

 drena labialis K., do.; 



3. A. nigroaenea K. S ; 



4 . Apis mellifica Z. 5, skg. ; 



5. Bombus agrorum F. 

 5 and 5, skg. and po-cltg. ; 



6. B. confusus Schenck 5, 

 do. ; 7. B. muscorum F. 

 5, do. ; 8. B. pratorum 

 L. 5 and 5. do. ; 9. B. 

 scrimshiranus K. 5, do. ; 

 I o. B. sylvarum L. 5, do. ; 



1 1. B. terrester L. 5, do. ; 



12. Chalicodoma muraria 

 F. 5, do. (Thuring^a) ; 1 3. 

 Coelioxys conoidea ///. 5, 

 skg.; 14. C. umbrina 

 Sm. t, in large numbers, 

 skg.; 15. Eucera longicornis Z. 5 and J, skg. and po-cltg.; 16. Halictus 

 albipes F. 5, do.; 17. H. fiavipes F. 5, do.; 18. H. lugubris ^. 5; 19. Mega- 

 chile argentata F. J, skg.; 20. M. centuncularis Z. S, do. ; 21. M. circum- 

 cincta X. 5, skg. and po-cltg.; 22. M. fasciata Sm. S, skg.; 23. M. willughbiella 

 JC. }, skg. and po-cltg., S, skg.; 24. Osmia aenea Z. 5, freq., skg. and po-cltg.; 

 25. O. aurulenta Pz. j, skg. and po-cltg. (Thuringia); 26. O. fulviventris Pz. j, in 

 large numbers, skg. and po-cltg. ; 27. O. rufa Z. 5, skg. ; 28. O. spinulosa K. 5, do. 

 (Thuringia); 29. Psithyrus campestris Pz. 5, do.; 30. P. rupestris Z'. 5, do.; 31. 

 Xylocopa violacea Z. S, do. B. Diptera. Syrphidae: 32. Volucella bombylans Z., 

 var. plumata y)/^. C. Lepidoptera. (a) Nocluidae: 33. Euclidia glyphica Z., freq., 

 skg., but apparently not effecting pollination ; 34. Plusia gamma Z. do. (V) Rhopalo- 

 cera: 35. Lycaena aegon 5". V. $, skg.; 36. L. corydon Poda., do.; 37. L. icarus 

 Roll., do. ; 38. L. sp., freq., skg., but apparently not effecting pollination ; 39. Pieris 

 napi Z., skg.; 40. Thecla ilicis Esp., do. {c) Sphingidae: 41. Zygaena carniolica 

 Scop., freq., skg., but apparently not effecting pollination (Thuringia). 



Fig. 104. Onobrychis vtciae/oUa, Scop, (after Herm. Miiller). (i) 

 Flower from below (x 3). (2) The same, after removal of the vextUam 

 and upper half of the calyx; from above. (3) Stamens and pistil, from 

 the side (X7). a, calyx; b, carina; c, ala ; d, vexillam ; *, alar claw; 

 _/i united filaments; ^, free filament; /x, nectar-passage ; r, cleft in the 

 carina, through which stamens and stigma protrude. 



