320 ANGIOSPERMAE—DICOTYLEDONES 



Herm. Miiller also saw 4 bees in the Alps (' Alpenblumen,' p. 254). 



Loew noticed 5 bees in the Berlin Botanic Garden: — i. Anthidium manicatum 

 Z. 5, skg. and po-cltg. ; 2. Bombus agrorum F. 5, skg. ; 3. B. lapidarius L. 5, do. ; 

 4. Megachile fasciata Sm. S, do. ; 5. Osmia aenea L. 5, po-cltg. 



Schletterer records a bee (Meliturga clavicornis Ltr.) for the Tyrol. 



Rossler observed a moth (Grapholitha caecana Schl?j at Wiesbaden. Ducke 

 records the following bees. — 



I. Anthidium cingulatum Lir. 5 and J; 2. Melitta dimidiata Mor. ; 3. Osmia 

 rubicola Friese 5, freq., J, occasional ; 4. O. rufohirta Ltr. 5, freq. ; 5. O. tergestensis 

 Ducke 5 and S ; 6.0. tiflensis Mor. 5, occasional ; 7. O. versicolor Lir. 5 and S, 

 very freq. 



756. O. aurea Stev. — 



Visitors. — Loew saw a bee (Osmia aenea Z. 5), skg. and po-cltg., in the Berhn 

 Botanic Garden. 



757. O. montana DC. — 



Visitors. — Two bees : — Anthidium manicatum Z. 5, skg. and po-cltg., Megachile 

 fasciata Sm. i, skg. (Loew, Berlin). 



758. O. arenaria DC. — 



Visitors. — A humble-bee, Bombus rajellus K. 5, skg. (Loew, Berlin). Friese (on 

 the authority of Mocsary) gives the bee Nomia femoralis Pall., freq., for Hungary. 



227. Vicia Tourn. 



Nectar-yielding bee flowers, with a stylar brush. 



In many species of this genus there are extra-floral nectaries. These are deeply 

 coloured spots situated on the under-side of the stipules. They secrete nectar in 

 sunny but not in dull weather. The secretion is eagerly sought out by ants, which 

 for their part serve to protect the plants against caterpillars and the like. 



759. V. Cracca L. (Delpino, ' Ult. oss.,' p. 58 ; Herm. Miiller, ' Fertilisation,' 

 pp. 202-4, ' Weit. Beob.,' II, p. 262; Lindman, ' Bidrag till Kanned. om Skandin. 

 Fjellvaxt. Blomn. o. Befrukt.'; Heinsius, Bot. Jaarb. Dodonaea, Ghent, iv, 1892, 

 p. 100; MacLeod, op. cit., vi, 1894, pp. 354-6; Knuth, ' Bl. u. Insekt. a. d. nordfr. 

 Ins.,' ' Blutenbiol. Beob. a. d. Ins. Riigen,' ' Bloemenbiol. Bijdragen ' ; Loew, ' Bliiten- 

 biol. Statistik,' p. 400.) — The purple flowers of this species are arranged in crowded 

 racemes. The flower mechanism was first described by Delpino, and subsequently 

 in greater detail by Hermann Miiller. Each ala is united with the carina at two 

 places. About the middle of its upper margin there is a hollow process, small 

 but deep, which fits closely into a pit in the upper surface of the carina. Immediately 

 behind this is a second alar process, much broader but equally deep. It is connected 

 with a broad, but rather shallow depression in the upper surface of the carina, 

 the epidermal cells of the two petals being so firmly interlocked that it is difiScult 

 to separate without at the same time tearing them. On the back of the vexillum, 

 at the bend between claw and lamina, there are two grooves diverging anteriorly ; 

 these project below as ridges which are applied to the alae so as to block up the 

 lateral passages to the nectar. 



