348 ANGIOSPERMAE—DICOTYLEDONES 



Schiner (Austria) noticed a hover-fly, Mallota fuciformis F. ; and von Dalla 

 Torre (Tyrol) a bee, Halictus smeathmanellus K. 5 and S. Schletterer mentions the 

 latter insect for the Tyrol, and observed the following bees at Pola. — -i. Andrena 

 carbonaria Z., freq. ; 2. A. deceptoria &^mz>a'f/!7;. ; 3. A. theracica i^. ; 4. Bombus 

 terrester L. ; and a wasp, 5. PoHstes gallica L. 



Bees were observed by the following authorities in the localities stated. — 

 Schmiedeknecht (Thuringia). — i. Andrena congmtn?, Sckmiedekn.; 2. A. eximia 

 Sm. Saunders (England), the rare Andrena bucephala Sleph., with its parasite, the 

 beautiful Nomada xanthosticta K. Smith (England), Andrena bimaculata K. 



827. P. Padus L. (Herm. Miillcr, 'Fertilisation,' pp. 221-2, 'Wait. Beob.,' II, 

 p. 244; Knuth, ' IJloemenbiol. Bijdragen.') — The white, strongly fragrant blossoms 

 of this species are arranged in many-flowered racemes, usually pendulous. Hermann 

 Miiller states that their mechanism agrees with that of P. spinosa in being proto- 

 gynous ; but the stamens remain curved somewhat inwards during the whole period 

 of anthesis ; so here self-pollination is more likely to be effected by insects during 

 the second (hermaphrodite) stage. The inner stamens dehisce while they are 

 curved down under the stigma, so that in becoming erect their anthers must brush 

 against its edge. Automatic self-poliinalion must, therefore, regularly take place, 

 should insect-visits fail. 



Visitors. — On garden plants at Kiel I saw only Muscids as visitors of the 

 flowers, which smell of trimetbylamide. — i. Calliphora vomitoria L.; 2. Lucilia caesar 

 L. ; 3. Musca domestica L. ; 4. Sarcophaga carnaria L. ; all skg. 



Herm. JMuller observed the following. — 



A. Coleoptera. (a) Ceramhycidae: i. Grammoptera ruficornis /^., nect-lkg. 

 {b) Malacoderma/a: 2. Dasytes sp., nect-lkg. {c) Mordellidae : 3. Anaspis rufilabris 

 GylL, nect-lkg. (d) Nilididtdae : 4. Meligethes, nect-lkg. B. Diptera. Empidae : 

 5. Empis livida Z., skg. ; 6. E. rustica Fall., do. C. Hymenoptera. Apidae : 

 7. Andrena parvula K. 5, skg. 



F. F. Kohl (Tyrol) saw the ruby wasp Ellampus aeneus /'". 



828. P. Mahaleb L. — This species also is slightly protogynous, according to 

 Kirchner (' Neue Beob. ii. d. Bestaubungseinricht. einheimisch. Pfl.,' p. 37). At first 

 the stamens are erect or inclined somewhat inwards, but subsequently the outer ones 

 spread outwards. At the beginning of anthesis the style is of the same length as 

 the shortest stamens, but later on attains that of the longest. 



Visitors. — Schletterer observed three bees and a wasp at Pola. — 

 I. Andrena morio BrulL; 2. A. Thoracica Z". : 3. Bombus argillaceus ^'ro/. ; 

 4. Polistes gallica Z. (wasp). 



244. Rosa Touni. 



Flowers homogamous, sometimes delightfully fragrant, usually large ; rose- 

 coloured, white, or more rarely yellow ; devoid of nectar (some species, perhaps, have 

 a thin layer on the edge of the receptacle). The lack of nectar is made up for by 

 the abundant production of pollen. 



829. R. canina L. (Herm. Miiller, 'Fertilisation,' pp. 236-8, ' Weit. Beob.,' 

 II, p. 239; MacLeod, Bot. Jaarb. Dodonaea, Ghent, vi, 1894, pp. 307-8; Heinsius, 



