ROSACEAE 351 



lariae L., freq. (H. M.). (d) Mordellidae : 9. Anaspis ruficollis F., as i (H. M.) ; 

 10. Mordella aculeata Z., do. (H. M.) {e) Nilidulidae : 11. Meligethes, in very large 

 numbers (H. M., Kn.). (/) Scarabaeidae : 12. Cetonia aurata L., devouring the 

 flowers (H. M., Kn.) ; 13. Melolontha vulgaris F., do. (H. M., Kn.) ; 14. Phyllopertha 

 horticola L., do. (H. M., Kn.). {g) Telephoridae : 15. Anthocomus fasciatus L., 

 freq. (H. M.j; 16. Dasytes sp., rare (H. M.). 



Kohl records a fossorial wasp, Crabro peltarius Schreb. 5 and 5. 



835. R. alba L. — On bushes with double flowers in gardens at Veszto 

 (Hungary), Borbas observed 2-3 well-formed fruits containing seeds capable of 

 germinating. 



836. R. pomifera Herm. — 



Visitors. — The following bees were observed by von Dalla Torre and 

 Schletterer in the Tyrol. — i. Halictus albipes F.\ 2. H. interruptus Pz.; 3. H. 

 tumulorum L. ; 4. Osmia leucomelaena K. ; 5. Prosopis sinuata, Schenck 5. 



245. Rubus L. 



Flowers white or reddish in colour ; homogamous, feebly protandrous, or feebly 

 protogynous, sometimes dioecious (R. Chamaemorus) ; with concealed nectar abun- 

 dantly secreted by a fleshy ring on the margin of the receptacle internal to the 

 stamens. 



The recognition of the numerous recently demarcated species of Rubus is in 

 itself a special study, and perhaps later investigators will consider it necessary to 

 distinguish between the flower mechanisms and visitors of the various species ; 

 though it is hardly likely that any important differences will make themselves 

 apparent. For the purposes of Flower Pollination, in the meantime, one collective 

 name will serve, i. e. — 



837. R. fruticosus L. (Herm. MuUer, 'Fertilisation,' pp. 227-8, ' Weit. 

 Beob ,' II, pp. 240-1 ; Kirchner, 'Flora v. Stuitgart,' p. 451 ; Loew, ' Blutenbiol. 

 Floristik,' p. 391 ; Knuth, ' Bl. u. Insekt. a. d. Ins. Rugen,' ' Bloemenbiol. Bijdragen,' 

 &c.) — In this species, according to Hermann Miiller's account, the usually white 

 petals spread out flat, so that conspicuousness is fairly marked. The stamens 

 diverge so widely that even very short-tongued insects can easily thrust their heads 

 between the filaments and carpels so as to reach the nectar-secreting ring in the 

 base of the flower. The anthers of the outermost stamens dehisce first, and turn 

 their pollen-covered sides upwards, while the stigmas mature simultaneously. It 

 follows that most visitors effect crossing, so that, as a rule, the flowers are fertilized 

 before all the anthers are ripe. Automatic self-pollination is rendered somewhat 

 difficult, for only the dehisced anthers of the innermost stamens sometimes touch 

 the outermost stigmas. It is only in the rarest cases, during continued bad weather, 

 that self-pollination is resorted to, for otherwise insect-visits are extremely numerous. 



Visitors. — I have not observed in North Germany the species of Halictus 

 which were seen by Buddeberg in large numbers in Nassau. 



Herm. Miiller (H. M.) and Buddeberg (Budd.) record the following. — 



A. Coleoptera. {a) Cerambycidae : i. Clytus arietis Z., sometimes nect-lk<r., 



