354 



ANGIOSPERMAE—DICOTYLEDONES 



MacLeod observed Apis, 7 humble-bees, 7 short-tongued bees, a Tenthredinid, 

 5 hover-flies, 6 other flies, 4 beetles, and 10 Lepidoptera in Flanders (Bot. Jaarb. 

 Dodonaea, Ghent, vi, 1894, pp. 318-19); and 3 bees, a Lepidopterid, a beetle, and 

 a hover-fly in the Pyrenees (op. cit., iii, 1891, p. 432). 



H. de Vries saw a bee, Halictus cylindricus F. 5, in the Netherlands (Ned. 

 Kruidk. Arch., Nijmegen, 2. ser., 2. deel, 1875). 



Willis observed the following in the neighbourhood of the south coast of 

 Scotland (' Fls. and Insects in Gt. Britain,' Part I). — 



A. Coleoptera. NiliduUdae: I. Meligethes viridescens F., freq., skg. and 

 po-dvg. B. Diptera. (<7) Muscidae: 2. Anthomyia radicum Z., freq. {b) Syr- 

 phidae: 3. Eristalis pertinax Scop., freq., skg.; 4. Platycheirus albimanus F., skg.; 

 5. Syrphus balteatus Deg., po-dvg. ; 6. S. topiarius Mg., skg. C. Hymenoptera. 

 Apidae: 7. Bombus agrorum Z., freq., skg.; 8. B. hortorum Z., do. D. Lepi- 

 doptera. {a) Microlepidoptera : 9. Simaethis oxyacanthella Z., freq., skg. (^) 

 Rhopalocera : 10. Pieris napi Z., freq., skg. 



Saunders (Sd.) and Smith (Sm.) record the following bees for England. — 

 I. Andrena austriaca Pz. (= A. rosae Saund) (Sd., Sm.) ; 2. A. bimaculata K. 

 (= A. decorata Sm., and A. vitrea Sm), 2nd generation (Sd., Sm.); 3. A. carbonaria 



Fig. 110. Rubus cagst'us, Z.. (Diagrammatic longitudinal sections of flowers, magnified about 

 2 diameters. Fohr, July, 1892.) 1. Flower before the beginning of the first stage ; all the anthers are 

 closed and incline together above the equally immature styles; the receptacle is flat. 2. Flower in the 

 beginning of the male stage : the anthers of the outer stamens (which have now curved away from 

 the centre are ripe ; the stigmas are not yet fully mature ; the receptacle has begun to bulge. 3. Flower 

 in the hermaphrodite stage: most of the stamens have curved away from the centre, and their anthers are 

 ripe; only a few remain immature with filaments curved under the fully developed stigmas, which are at 

 the ends of the elongated styles; the receptacle is distinctly dome-shaped, p, receptacle: k, sepal; 

 c, petal ; a, immature anther ; a', mature anther ; s. stigma. 



Z. (= A. pilipes F.), 2nd generation (Sd.); 4. A. dorsata Z'. (Sd., Sm.) ; 5. Halictus 

 sexnotatus ZT. S (Sm.); 6. Prosopis bipunctata F. (= P. signata Fz.) (Sd.) ; 7. P. 

 communis NyL (Sd.) ; 8. P. confusa Ny/. (Sd.); 9. P. hyalinata Sm. (Sd., Sm.). 

 Marquard (Cornwall) saw 2 bees, i. Andrena austriaca Pz.; 2. A. minutula K. 



838. R. caesius. (Knuth, 'Bl. u. Insekt. a. d. nordfr. Ins.,' pp. 66-7, 154, 

 ' Weit. Beob. ii. Bl. u. Insekt. a. d. nordfr. Ins.,' p. 233.) — When the flowers of this 

 species open the anthers are all immature, and lie above the middle of the flower 

 with the filaments inclining inwards. Subsequently the outer stamens bend back 

 towards the petals, and their anthers dehisce. As dehiscence progresses centripetally 

 the originally flat receptacle becomes more and more convex, the styles begin to 

 grow, and the stigmas appear at their tips. Several series of stamens with dehisced 

 anthers have meanwhile bent back towards the petals, while those with undehisced 

 anthers remain with their filaments curved under the stigmas. When insects visit 

 the flower and alight in its centre cross-pollination is effected, but if they alight 

 elsewhere self-polHnation results. The latter takes place automatically when the inner 

 stamens erect themselves, for they dehisce directly upon the stigmas. 



