ROSACEAE 363 



somewhat smaller. Here again Kerner distinguished two forms. Besides the 

 hermaphrodite flowers, there are also unisexual ones distributed androdioeciously 

 and andromonoeciously (Schulz). 



Kerner (' Nat. Hist. PI.,' Eng. Ed. i, II, p. 381) states that the flowers behave 

 like those of Dryas octopetala (q. v.), so that at first cross-pollination is favoured; 

 subsequently they become autogamous. 



Visitors. — Herm. Miiller observed in the Alps numerous Diptera (especially 

 Syrphidae and Muscidae), as well as some bees, Lepidoptera, and beetles. MacLeod 

 saw 3 Hymenoptera and 4 Diptera in the Pyrenees (Bot. Jaarb. Dodonaea, Ghent, 

 iii, i89i,p. 427). 



852. G. coccineum Sibth. et Sm. — The flower mechanism of this species 

 agrees with that of G. montanum. 



Visitors. — Loew observed the bee Halictus nitidiusculus K. 5, po-cltg., in the 

 Berlin Botanic Garden. 



853- G. japonicum Thunbg. — 



Visitors. — Loew saw the bee Halictus sexnotatus K. 5, po-cltg., in the Berlin 

 Botanic Garden. 



854. G. inclinatum Schleich. — 



Visitors. — -Loew saw the honey-bee Apis mellifica Z. $, among the stamens, 

 skg., in the Berlin Botanic Garden. 



248. Waldsteinia Willd. 



Flowers protogynous, with concealed nectar, secreted just below the insertions 

 of the stamens at the upper margin of the top-shaped receptacle. 



855. W. geoides Willd. (Loew, ' Bliitenbiol. Beitrage,' I, pp. 14-16.) — This 

 species ranges from Galicia and the Siebengebirge to the Crimea. The nectar is 

 covered by small heart-shaped plates that project at an acute angle from the bases of 

 the stamens. The flower mechanism is similar to that of Geum rivale. 



Visitors. — Loew saw a small bee (Hahctus nitidiusculus A^.) and a flower-fly 

 (Anthomyia), both skg., in the Berlin Botanic Garden. 



856. W. trifolia Koch. (Loew, op. cit.) — This species belongs to the Sieben- 

 gebirge and Siberia. Its flower mechanism is similar to that of W. geoides, but 

 nectar-covers are wanting. 



857. W. fragarioides Tratt. — The flower mechanism of this North American 

 species agrees with that of W. trifolia. 



Visitors. — Loew (op. cit.) observed the same insects as in W. geoides. 



249. Fragaria L. 



Flowers white, protogynous, with concealed nectar. This is secreted by a 

 narrow fleshy ring on the receptacle, which is covered by the outer carpels from 

 within, and the stamens from without. Unisexual flowers are also present. 



858. F. vesca L. (Herm. Muller, ' Fertilisation,' pp. 230-1, ' Weit. Beob., II, 

 p. 241, ' Alpenblumen,' p. 216 ; Schulz, ' Beitrage,' II, p. 187 ; Millardet, M^m. Soc. 



