386 ANGIOSPERMAE—DICOTYLEDONES 



Floristik,' pp. 388-9; Knuth, 'Weit. Beob. ii. Bl. u. Insekt. a. d. nordfr. Ins.,' 

 p. 234.) — According to Hermann Miiller's account of this species the stigmas are 

 already mature when the flower opens, and project from its centre ; but the anthers 

 are still unripe. The outer stamens are erect, but the inner ones are so bent 

 inwards as to lie beneath the stigmas. After from one to two days the outermost 

 anthers begin to dehisce, and get covered with pollen all round. 



In cold dull weather the inner stamens remain incurved, while the outer ones 

 project beyond the stigmas, and are bent inwards to an extent that renders automatic 

 self-pollination easy. In warm sunshine, on the other hand, the stamens spread 

 out away from the stigmas, so that the nectar previously concealed by the woolly 

 hairs on the bases of the styles comes into view. Owing to the protogyny of the 

 flower, nectar-seeking insects always eff'ect crossing at the beginning of anthesis, 

 and generally do so during later stages. 



Visitors. — I observed the following in the island of Pellworm (4. 6. '93). — 



A. Diptera. (a) Muscidae : I. Scatophagasp. ; 2. Larger and smaller Muscids. 

 (V) Syrphidae : 3. Helophilus pendulus L. ; 4. Rhingia sp. ; 5. Syritta pipiens L. 

 B. Hymenoptera. Apidae : 6. Andrena albicans Miill. 5 ; 7. Apis mellifica L. ; 

 8. Bombus terrester L. ; all skg. 



Wiistnei noticed Andrena trimmerana K. in the island of Alsen. 



Alfken records the following for Bremen. — 



A. Diptera. (a) Empidae: i. Empis ciliata F. ; 2. E. opaca F.; 3. E. tesse- 

 lata F. {6) Muscidae: 4. Cynomyia mortuorum L. ; 5. Cyrtoneura hortorum Fall.; 

 6. Lucilia caesarZ.; 7. Scatophaga stercoraria Z. (<-) Syrphidae: 8. Ascia lanceolata 

 Mg.; 9. A. podagrica Z". ; 10. Eristalis arbustorum Z. ; 11. Helophilus pendulus Z.; 

 12. Melanostoma mellinaZ. ; 13. Syritta pipiens Z. ; 14. Syrphus pyrastri Z. ; 15. S. 

 ribesii Z. B. Hymenoptera. {a^ Apidae: 16. Andrena albicans j1/ii7/. 5 ; 17. A. 

 albicrus K. <^; 18. A. carbonaria Z. S; 19. A. cineraria Z. 5 ; 20. A. fucata Sm. S; 

 21. A. humilis Imh. 5; 22. A. nigroaenea K. 5; 23. A. parvula K. 5; 24. A. pro- 

 pinqua Schenck 5; 25. A. trimmerana K. 5; 26. A. varians K. 5; 27. Bombus 

 hortorum Z. 5, po-cltg. ; 28. Eriades florisomnis Z. } and S; 29. Halictus calceatus 

 Scop., var. elegans Lep. 5; 30. H. levis K. 5; 31. H. morio F. 5; 32. H. rubicundus 

 Chr. J, po-cltg.; 33. H. sexnotatulus Nyl. j; 34. Osmia rufa Z. 5; 35. Psithyrus 

 vestalis Zowrcr. 5, skg. (b) Tenthredinidae: 36. Pamphilius sylvaticus Z. (c) Vespidae: 

 37. Vespa germanica F. ; 38. V. sylvestris Scop. $. 



Von Fricken saw a Cantharid (Cantharis haemorrhoidalis F.), a Cerambycid 

 (Grammoptera ruficornis F.), and a Chrysomelid (Cryptocephalus violaceus Laich.) 

 in Westphalia and East Prussia. 



Loew observed the following in Brandenburg (' Beilrage,' p. 36). — 



A. Coleoptera. {a) Ceramhycidae : i. Molorchus minor Z. (3) Dermestidae : 

 2. Anthrenus scrophulariae Z. (c) Mordellidae : 3. Anaspis frontalis Z. (d) Ano- 

 biidae : 4. Anobium paniceum Z. («) Scarabaeidae : 5. Cetonia aurata Z. (_/") 

 Telephoridae : 6. Cantharis rustica Za//. ; 7. Malachius bipustulatus Z. B. Diptera. 

 {a) Empidae: 8. Empis sp. (b) Muscidae: 9. Anthomyia pluvialis Z. ; 10. Hydroiaea 

 cihata F. (c) Syrphidae : ii. Criorhina oxyacanthae Mg., skg.; 12. Syritta pipiens 

 Z., do. C. Hymenoptera. Apidae: 13. Andrena albicans Mull. 5; 14. A. 

 propinqua Schenck 5 ; 15. A. tibialis K. 5 ; 16. Halictus sexnotatus K.^; 17. Nomada 

 ruficornis Z. ; 18. Osmia bicornis Z. 5; all skg. 



Herm. Miiller (H. M.) and Buddeberg (Budd.) give the following list. — 



A. Coleoptera. {a) Bupreslidae: i. Anthaxia nitidula Z. (H. M.). {b) Ceram- 

 bycidae: 2. Clytus myslicus Z., nect-lkg. (H. M.) ; 3. Grammoptera ruficornis Z"., 



