388 



ANGIOSPERMAE—DICOTYLEDONES 



(Pyrenees) a short-tongued bee, a beetle, and 2 flies (op. cit., iii, 1891, pp. 433-43)- 

 H. de Vries saw the honey-bee in the Netherlands (Ned. Kruidk. Arch., Nijmegen, 

 2. sen, 2. deel, 1875). 



In Dumfriesshire, Apis (freq.), a humble-bee, a Dolichopodid, and another fly 

 were recorded (Scott-Elliot, ' Flora of Dumfriesshire,' p. 64). 



Hermann Miiller also observed extra-floral nectaries on the hawthorn : a sweet 

 sap sometimes oozes from the tips of the young twigs, which is licked by bees 

 (Anthophora pilipes F. S, Bombus terrester L. 5, Andrena sp. S) and wasps 

 (Odynerus parietum L. 5). 



H. Schiitte (Elsfleth) saw large numbers of wasps (Vespa germanica F.) 

 attracted by the juice exuding from the Psylla larvae which live on the hawthorn. 

 He also noticed a humble-bee (Bombus terrester L.) licking this juice. 



925. C. monogyna Jacq. — The flowers of this species agree with those of 

 C. Oxyacantha as regards their mechanism. 



Visitors. — I observed the same insects in the island of Pellworm as for C. 

 Oxyacantha (q. v.). 



Fig. 122. Co/oneasier integerrima. Medic, (after Herin. Mailer.. A. Flower seen from 

 the side and somewhat obliquely from above. B. The same, seen I roni above. C. The same, 

 rn longitudinal section. (X 7.) w, nectary. 



263. Cotoneaster Rupp. 



Flowers white or red; homogamous or protogynous; with concealed nectar 

 secreted by the fleshy inner wall of the receptacle. 



936. C. integerrima Medic. ( = C. vulgaris Zzwrf/., and Mespilus Cotoneaster 

 Z.). (Herm. Miiller, ' Alpenblumen,' pp. 214-15 ; Schulz, ' Beitiage,' H, pp. 70-1.) — 

 The blossoms of this species are wasp flowers, with persistent stigmas. They are 

 protogynous in the Alps, but homogamous to protogynous at Halle and in North 

 Thuringia (Schulz). The petals and stamens bend so closely together over the 

 nectar as to leave but a small passage of access. In the protogynous flowers crossing 

 is effected by insect visitors before the anthers are ripe ; in the homogamous ones 

 self-pollination is inevitable, for the stamens are situated just under the anthers 

 of the permanently incurved stamens. 



Visitors. — Herm. Miiller, in the Alps, only noticed a wasp (Polistes biglumis Z.). 

 Schulz (Central Germany) observed not only wasps, but also several other Hymeno- 

 ptera, together with some flies and beetles. 



Morawitz (St. Petersburg) saw the bee Andrena fucata Sin. 



