SAXIFRAGEAE 



399 



bees (the sole resort of which during the summer is this species) and flies. In 

 Spitzbergen he noticed several small Muscids on three days during July. Schneider 

 (Mus. Aarsh. Troms0, xvii, 1895) saw Andrena sp. in the Christiania Botanic 

 Garden. He further states (op. cit., p. 142) that humble-bees only play a sub- 

 ordinate part as pollinators in Arctic Norway. 



944. S. aizoides L. (Herm. Miiller, 'Fertilisation,' p. 245, ' Alpenblumen,' 

 pp. 94-8; Warming, Bot. Tids., Kjobenhavn, xvi, 1888, pp. 26-7; Axell, ' Om 

 Anord. for Fanerog. Vaxt. Befiukt.,' p. 35; Engler, Bot. Ztg., Leipzig, xxvi, 1868 ; 

 Schulz, ' Beitrage.') — Axell and Engler were the first to describe the protandry of 

 this species, though Schulz states that the 

 terminal flower is frequently female. The 

 nectar is exposed, and the flower mechanism 

 adapted to the visits of flies. According to 



Hermann Miiller, cross-pollination, as the "<JT!VZ^ilHMM«£^S^><' 



result of insect-visits, is ultimately secured 

 by the slow successive development of the 

 individual stamens and the stigmas. Self- 

 pollination is not completely excluded. I'" ' ■' ■'*''*WIB>''n -'JWffir^ "'"'"'"'^'" '" 

 Warming states that in Greenland, Spitz- 

 bergen, and Finmark, the flowers are at first 



markedly protandrous, afterwards becoming V>*«*/ -A. 



homogamous. Ripe fruits were observed at 



St 



Fig. 127. Saxi/raga aiooides^ L. (after Herm. Muller). A. Flower in the 6rst (male) stage, 

 B. Flower in the second (female) stage (X 3^). C The same in longitudinal section (X 7). d, anther; 

 /f, filament ; w, nectary ; ov.o\^ry\ ^, petal ; j, sepal ; .?/, stigma. 



Jacobshavn and Franz-Josef's Fjord. Abromeit describes Greenland specimens as 

 possessing the orange-red spots on the petals, marked more or less clearly ('Bot. Ergeb. 

 von Drygalski's Gronlandsexped.'). Andersson and Hesselman saw sterile flowers 

 in Beeren Island. They state that the species flowers in Spitzbergen from the first 

 half of July till August and September, but whether fruits are set was not determined 

 ('Bidrag till Kanned. om Spetsbergens o. Beeren Eil. Karlvaxtflora,' p. 28). Ekstam, 

 for Spitzbergen, describes the flowers as being usually protandrous, though cases 

 of homogamy were also noticed (' Bliitenbiol. Beob. a. Spitzbergen,' p. 15). Ekstam 

 says that the odourless flowers are 10-12 mm. in diameter in Nova Zemlia. 



